Maternal effects are causal influences from mother to offspring beyond genetic information, and have lifelong consequences for multiple traits. Previously, we reported that mice whose mothers did not nurse properly had low birth weight followed by rapid fat accumulation and disturbed development of some organs. That pattern resembles metabolic syndromes known collectively as the thrifty phenoty...

In this production study on the endangered Tungusic language Even, we investigate the acoustic correlates of the tongue root contrast that participates in Even vowel harmony. We investigate F1, F2, F3, A1-A2 and durational differences between “advanced” and “retracted” vowels. We found that F1 was consistently increased for “retracted” vowels, and F2 and A1A2 were consistently decreased. For th...

The effects of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) and its extracted fractions on steroidogenesis in MA-10 cells were determined. Different concentrations of CS and 3 fractions of CS (F1, a water-soluble polysaccharide; F2, a water-soluble protein; and F3, a poorly water-soluble polysaccharide and protein) were added to MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells with or without human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and ...

Identification curves were estimated for the English consonants /b,d,g/ using five-formant CV synthetic stimuli comprehensively sampling the F2 onset-F2 vowel acoustic space in the vicinity of /b,d,g/ locus equations [H. Sussman et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 1309-1325 (1991)]. The stimuli included 10 English monophthongal vowel contexts, 11 levels of F2 onset per vowel, and 3 levels of F3 ons...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of the last apical instrument of the ProTaper system with and without 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for cleaning mandibular central incisors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty two mandibular central incisors were divided into six study groups: Group I--F1 instrument with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group II--F1 and F2 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group III...

Objective: The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of four different ayurvedic formulation for their antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits Materials and Methods: Four different ayurvedic formulation (F1,F2,F3,F4)) were administered in different group of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits.Their efficacy, onset and duration of action as a...

the objective of this experiment was to investigate inheritance and gene action for resistance to sunn pest (eurygaster integriceps) and related traits in bread wheat including f1, f2 and backcross generations derived from a cross between line 15 as resistance and line 12 as susceptible parents. parents along with f1, f2, bc1 and bc2 generations were evaluated in a randomized complete block des...

Bellare and Micciancio proposed compressing m1, m2, . . . to f1(m1) ⊕ f2(m2) ⊕ . . .. Collisions are easy to find for long messages but are much more difficult to find for short messages. Exactly how secure is the 4-xor compression function (m1, m2, m3, m4) 7→ f1(m1) ⊕ f2(m2) ⊕ f3(m3) ⊕ f4(m4), with an output size of 4b bits? This paper analyzes, under constraints on machine cost and computatio...