Electric vehicle is considered to be the solution for energy crisis and environment pollution in individual transportation. However, electric vehicles are still not competitive with conventional vehicles limited by the driving range with the state-of-art power battery technology. Therefore, energy efficiency is of crucial importance for battery electric vehicles due to the limited stored energy...

Energy management in vehicles is an important issue because it can significantly influence the performances of the vehicles. Improving energy management in vehicles can deliver important benefits such as reducing fuel consumption, decreasing emission, lower running cost, reducing noise pollution, and improving driving performance and ease of use. According to Mainins (Manins, 2000), each year m...

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This study investigates the tonal high frequency noise characteristics which are present within the cabin of an electric vehicle. As the human ear responds differently to different frequencies of sound and this response varies with age, both the level and the frequency are considered. In addition, the amount of annoyance these sounds will cause for the occupants is a function of the tonality an...

Electric-drive vehicles can provide power to the electric grid when they are parked (vehicle-to-grid power). We evaluated the economic potential f two utility-owned fleets of battery-electric vehicles to provide power for a specific electricity market, regulation, in four US regional regulation ervices markets. The two battery-electric fleet cases are: (a) 100 Th!nk City vehicle and (b) 252 Toy...

Both hydrogen and plug-in electric vehicles offer significant social and environmental benefits to enhance energy security and reduce criteria and greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. However, the rollout of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and hydrogen retail stations (HRS) requires substantial investments with high risks due to many uncertainties. We compare retail...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. GHG emissions from PHEVs and other vehicles depend on both vehicle design and driver behavior. We pose a twice-differentiable, factorable mixed-integer nonlinear programming model utilizing vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving d...

This article describes the scope of vehicle dynamics control application on micro-scale electric vehicle for enhancing its active safety. The use of in-wheel-motor control in various control objectives as active safety devices are stated in the paper. In the first half of the paper, the control systems for enhancing vehicle dynamics are described. The active front steering by using steer-by-wir...

Battery is a vital subsystem in an electric vehicle with regenerative braking system. The energy efficiency of an electric vehicle is improved by storing the regenerated energy in an electric battery, during braking, and reusing it during subsequent acceleration. Battery possesses a relatively poor power density and slow charging of regenerated energy, when compared to hydro-pneumatic accumulat...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles HIGHLIGHTS PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS – A hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle equipped with either an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electrical motor powered by electrical batteries. In 1997, Toyota sold in Japan the first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius. Today’s HEVs are an emerging technology in the automotive market, with manufacture...