This article describes a Hopfield-Tank model of the Euclidean traveling salesman problem (using Aiyer’s subspace approach) that incorporates a “fuzzy” interpretation of the rows of the activation array. This fuzzy approach is used to explain the network’s behavior. The fuzzy interpretation consists of computing the center of mass of the positive activations in each row. This produces real numbe...

This paper uses Chinese urban data to investigate two important issues regarding city size distribution: the nature in which cities of different size grow relative to each other, and which distribution is the best approximation of city size distribution. First, we examine how cities of different sizes grow relative to each other. While most empirical literatures suggest that relative size and r...

The competitive vehicle routing problem is one of the important issues in transportation area. In this paper a new method for competitive VRP with time windows and stochastic demand is introduced. In the presented method a three time bounds are given and the probability of arrival time between each time bound is assumed to be uniform. The demands of each customer are different in each time wind...

How to design a city more legible is one of the main problems in urban design. To define the parameters that are crucial in designing legible cities is the main debate of this article. The research methodology was studying mental maps of the city dwellers and comparing the group image of the city with the pattern of continuity of salient elements and integration of the urban axes using Space Sy...

extended abstract 1. introduction considering the rapid growth of the world population, it is predicted that in the future the majority of this vast population will be concentrated in cities, particularly cities of developing countries. according to united nations’ prediction in 2000, the world population will surpass 2.06 billion by 2030. this population growth will be specifically more eviden...

This paper explores the substantial effect that the critical understanding and techno-political consideration of data are having in some smart city strategies. Particularly, the paper presents some results of a comparative study of four cases of smart city transitions: Glasgow, Bristol, Barcelona, and Bilbao. Likewise, considering how relevant the city-regional path-dependency is in each territ...

vegetation cover on a variety of different land uses in different parts of a city creates different forms of heat flow that this, in turn, generates the main framework of urban microclimate. the objective of this study is to survey the effect of land cover type on air temperature in the isfahan city. to do this, five regions in the isfahan city with different land cover type were selected. in e...