Our objective in this article is to study analytically the effect of borrowing constraints on asset returns. We explicitly characterize the equilibrium for an exchange economy with two agents who differ in their risk aversion and are prohibited from borrowing. In a representative-agent economy with CRRA preferences, the Sharpe ratio of equity returns and the riskfree rate are linked by the risk...

It is often the case that banks in the US are willing to borrow in the fed funds market (the interbank market for funds) at higher rates than the ones they could obtain by borrowing at the Fed’s discount window. This phenomenon is commonly explained as the consequence of the existence of a stigma effect attached to borrowing from the window. We provide a model where market participants may rega...

Financial market frictions distort the allocation of resources among productive units—all else equal, firms whose financing choices are affected by financial frictions face higher borrowing costs than firms with ready access to capital markets. As a result, input choices may differ systematically across firms in ways that are unrelated to their productive efficiency. We propose a simple account...

In this study, I revisit the claim that nominals denoting complex events must derive from discernible verbal stems and be headed by an overt nominalizer. show Turkish has a set of nominals, crucially foreign origin, which provides counter-evidence to both claims. From perspective grammar, they are morphologically noncompositional, manifesting neither detectable basis nor nominalizer although ca...

This paper looks at public sector debt in developing countries, being concerned specifically with the relationship between aid inflows and the public sector borrowing requirement net of aid loans. After examining the public sector budget constraint and various conditions under which aid might lead to an increase in this borrowing, the paper surveys the empirical results of literature on aid and...