Multiple metrics are applied to the design of a large civil tiItrotor, integrating minimum cost and minimum environmental impact. The design mission is passenger transport with similar range and capacity to a regional jet. Separate aircraft designs are gener ated for minimum empty weight, fuel burn, and environmental impact. A metric specifically developed for the design of aircraft is employed...

The use of timber in structures like guard-rail systems requires knowledge about the behaviour at high loading rates. The present study aims at presenting a state of art report with respect to the impact bending strength of timber and to some extent to the behaviour of timber joints at high loading rates. The literature review indicates a difference in the experimental results and the conclusio...

The one-point bend impact test has been used to investigate crack instability conditions for short loading times (as short as 2.5 p) in high strength steel. It was found that, in the range of loading rates investigated, no time-modified fracture criterion need be invoked. The resistance to crack extension may, however, increase significantly with crack growth due to the formation of even small ...

• Both exercise intensity and duration impact calcium and bone metabolism. • Exercise early in life leads to increased bone mass at sites that are loaded. • Cortical bone density and bone size is dependent on interactions between hormonal changes as well as loads placed on the skeleton. • Calcium intake may modify the bone response to loading. It is speculated that protein intake also may modif...

Previous studies have demonstrated that the wear-corrosion synergism can be markedly affected by the loading speed. In this study, effects of the loading speed or strain rate on corrosion and corrosive wear of annealed, impact-fractured and slow bending-fractured surface layers of AISI 1045 steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated using electrochemical, scanning Kelvin probing and electr...

Between 2001 and 2003 the London Health Commission undertook health impact assessments (HIAs) on a series of strategies developed by the Greater London Authority and the Mayor of London. The HIAs were rapid, each involving a literature review and a participant workshop. In all cases the reports made a series of recommendations that were given to the Mayor. The HIAs led to changes and ensured th...

Trait-based approaches provide a mechanistic framework to understand and predict the structure and functioning of microbial communities. Resource utilization traits and trade-offs are among key microbial traits that describe population dynamics and competition among microbes. Several important trade-offs have been identified for prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial taxa that define contrasting ...

This paper presents a critical analysis of health impact assessment (HIA) in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) in the context of institutional policy and practice. It begins with a brief background to the origins and aims of HIA. Core developments in health and environmental sectors pertaining to HIA in the ROI are then considered. A series of significant developments have taken place in these sect...

A computational model of the human head has been developed by Simpleware and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to simulate head impact. The head model was generated using high-resolution scan data, segmentation and image-based meshing techniques, and has been used in Abaqus for a range of simulations. The NRL/Simpleware head model addresses several key limitations of existing techniques ...

Process-induced strain dependence of impact ionization efficiency (IIE) in nMOSFETs with a tensile contact etch stop layer (CESL) is presented for the first time. From the universal relationship between the IIE and the electric field in the pinch-off region, a difference in the IIE of nMOSFETs between without and with the tensile CESL is found. This result can be mainly attributed to the narrow...