The area of contact between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) is known as the immunological synapse. Although its exact function is unknown, one model suggests that it allows for T cell receptor (TCR) clustering and for sustained signaling in T cells for many hours. Here we demonstrate that TCR-mediated tyrosine kinase signaling in naïve T cells occurred primarily at the periphery o...

The coordination of T-cell migration and antigen recognition is crucial for an effective immune response. We have proposed that this coordination is achieved by formation of an immunological synapse between the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Our view contrasts with the serial encounter model also proposed in this issue of Trends in Immunology, which is based on transient T cell-A...

Background: DNA immunization is an appropriate method to produce an immunological response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exotoxin A which is highly cytotoxic for eukaryotic cells. Since domains II (translocation domain) and 1b of the toxin have antigenic qualities, so they could be  useful candidates to protect against pseudomonas infections. Objectives: To evaluate if recombinant plasmid co...

We combine total internal reflection fluorescence structured illumination microscopy with spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy to quantify the flow velocities and directionality of filamentous-actin at the T cell immunological synapse. These techniques demonstrate it is possible to image retrograde flow of filamentous-actin at superresolution and provide flow quantification in the form...

Objectives Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and local inflammation, which are regulated the immune system. The immunological aspects of this unclear. Immunoglobulin A regulates many cell responses through interactions with Fcα receptor type I (FcαRI). Anti-FcαRI antibody inhibits activating receptors inducing an inhibitory immunoreceptor tyro...

:In the field of allergy care, there is rising interest in how homoeopathic therapy reacts to pollen grains. Based on idea that "like cures like", homoeopathy uses highly diluted chemicals made from activate body's natural healing process. Homoeopathic treatments work reduce symptoms and improve general health by balancing immunological responses restoring harmony. According clinical research, ...

The major objective of radiotherapy (RT) in the context of cancer treatment is the achievement of local tumor control. Traditionally, this is considered to be mediated by the induction of DNA damage, resulting in tumor cell death and abrogated clonogenic survival [1]. However, it has become more and more evident that distinct irradiation regimes as well as selected doses of ionizing radiation, ...

The HLA-A11 or -A33 allele is found in approximately 18% or 10% of the Asian population, respectively, but each of which is a minor allele worldwide, and therefore no clinical trials were previously conducted. To develop a therapeutic peptide vaccine for each of them, we investigated immunological responses of advanced cancer patients with the HLA-A11+ /A11+ (n = 18) or -A33+ /A33+ (n = 13) all...

Surgical stress responses cause an array of endocrinological, metabolic and immunological changes in patients. The landmark studies in the 1980s showed that adequate anesthesia dramatically improved the outcomes of pediatric surgical patients by attenuating stress hormonal responses, pointing out the harm of 'inadequate' anesthesia. Subsequent studies questioned the role of administering very h...