BACKGROUND It is difficult to predict what type of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progresses to chronic severe hepatitis B. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to observe changes in the HBV-specific and -nonspecific cellmediated immune responses after CHB deteriorates into severe hepatic disease and explore the significance of such changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study aimed to observe changes in the...

There are interactions between hepatotropic viruses and the host immune system, which could contribute to liver damage in viral hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of autoantibodies in patients with acute viral hepatitis and their relationship with biochemical activity, severity of acute illness and chronicity rate. From 1992 to 2000, 156 patients with acute viral ...

Two patients with nephrotic syndrome developed fatal fulminant hepatitis B following withdrawal of prednisolone or cyclophosphamide. Immunosuppressive therapy probably enhanced hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and widespread infection of hepatocytes; its withdrawal permitted a return of immune competence resulting in massive destruction of infected hepatocytes. Prior screening of all patient...

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a global health problem that affects about 300 million people. Of these, 75% are Chinese. Most Chinese who become chronic carriers, contract the virus during the perinatal period. The natural history of these chronic hepatitis B carriers includes an initial immune tolerance phase, followed by immune clearance and an inactive hepatitis B non-replicative phase wit...

The variability of the clinical course in viral hepatitis depends more on the immune response of the host that on the type of virus involved. Inductors/helpers (LT4) or cytotoxic/suppressors (LT8) T-lymphocytes regulate the immune response which can be modified during infection or in homosexuals who are at high risk for viral infection. We studied 45 males with viral hepatitis (25 B, 13 A, and ...

This report provides recommendations for use of the newly licensed hepatitis A vaccines (HAVRIX, manufactured by SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, and VAQTA, manufactured by Merck & Company, Inc.) in persons > or = 2 years of age and updates previous recommendations for use of immune globulin (IG) for protection against hepatitis A (superseding MMWR 1990;39[No. RR-2]:1-5). For preexposure protect...

Methods We randomly assigned household and day-care contacts, 2 to 40 years of age, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, to receive one standard age-appropriate dose of hepatitis A vaccine or immune globulin within 14 days after exposure to patients with hepatitis A. Instances of laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic hepatitis A infection occurring between 15 and 56 days after exposure were then assessed during ...

Objective: To determine the frequency and risk factors of bloodborne infectious diseases among informal solid waste handlers. Study Design: Cross-sectional Analytical study. Setting: Marghzar Colony, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: October to November 2019. Material & Methods: Convenience enrollment 101 handlers out total 150 invited subjects resulted in a response rate 67.3%. A predesigned profo...

Background: In Ivory Coast, as in the rest of sub Saharan Africa, despite introduction anti-hepatitis B vaccine, toddlers and children remain a segment population frequently infected with Hepatitis Virus (HBV). The conditions early HBV transmission, notably materno-fetal route summarily documented Africa. Methods: From June to November 2018, we analyzed socio-demographical, serological, viral f...