The immune reactivity to endogenous (wild-type) RNA tumor virus-related antigen(s) was evaluated in RF mice, a strain with a low natural incidence of lymphoma. The purposes were to determine whether maintained humoral immunity could be detected and to evaluate the response with respect to the immune-mediated pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis and incidence of tumors of lymphatic origin. Measure...

The immune reactivity to endogenous (wild-type) RNA tumor virus-related antigen(s) was evaluated in RF mice, a strain with a low natural incidence of lymphoma. The purposes were to determine whether maintained humoral immunity could be detected and to evaluate the response with respect to the immune-mediated pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis and incidence of tumors of lymphatic origin. Measure...

Systemic immunization with antigen coupled to monoclonal antibody (MAb) has been used by several investigators to increase the number of MAb-producing hybridomas against an antigen and to elicit antibodies specific for poorly immunogenic epitopes. This strategy has implications for vaccine design in that protective immunity is not necessarily directed at immunodominant epitopes of pathogens and...

Abstract Background The giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) is a threatened endemic Chinese species and flagship of national global conservation concern. Life history theory proposes that reproduction immunity can be mutually constraining interrelated. Knowledge changes male pandas during the breeding season limited. Results Here, we researched peripheral blood gene expression profiles assoc...

Helminthic parasites cause widespread, persistent infections in humans. The immigration of Ethiopians to Israel (a group denoted here by "Eth."), many of them infested with helminths and in a chronic immune-activation state, enabled us to investigate the effects of such immune activation on immune responses. We studied the immune profile and immune functions of 190 Eth. and Israeli non-Eth. (Is...

Although the systemic and local immune response to the O antigen of Escherichia coli has been well characterized, little information is available on the immune response to K anigen. Experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis was produced with Escherichia coli 06 K13 H1 and the serum and local (intrarenal) antibody response to O and K antigens was determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent as...

Pulmonary administration of biomimetic nanoparticles loaded with antigen may represent an effective strategy to directly modulate adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract. Depending on the design, virosomes may not only serve as biomimetic antigen carriers but are also endowed with intrinsic immune-stimulatory properties. We designed fluorescently labeled influenza-derived virosomes a...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells. Mature DCs activate antigen specific naïve T cells, B cells and NK cells. Under certain conditions, DCs even silence T cell immune responses in vivo, thus, modulating the immune response. This special function of DCs could be exploited in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disorder and chronic viral infections.

This paper discusses some consequences of the discovery that antigen receptors are degenerate: Immune specificity, in contrast to the tenets of the clonal selection paradigm, must be generated by the immune response down-stream of initial antigen recognition; and specificity is a property of a collective of cells and not of single clones.

TB immunodiagnostics based on antibody and antigen detection for early detection and monitoring tubercular infections at low cost and flexible to adapt to field laboratories are a boon to developing countries. In this context we have explored in-house developed penicillinase based ELISA assays for the detection of antigen, antibody as well as immune-complexed antigen using various excretory sec...