methods for measuring toxicity or respiratory activity of microbial cultures can be used as tools for assessing the presence of chemicals and their impact on the streams. the proposed toxicity test is based on the respirometric characteristics of the bacteria according to the principals of biolog’s microplate system. as the microorganism are utilizing the carbon source (peptone), the reductio...

Biodegradation is defined as the biologically catalyzed reduction in complexity of chemical compounds [1]. Indeed, biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into smaller compounds by living microbial organisms [2]. When biodegradation is complete, the process is called "mineralization". However, in most cases the term biodegra‐ dation is generally used to describ...

background: toxaphene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. the residues of which have been documented throughout the biosphere including water, ground water, soil and lake sediments, even though its use was banned some years ago. toxaphene has been known as an important environmental pollutant as a result of its persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and bio magnification in food ...

conclusions our findings clearly indicate a synergistic effect of waterpipe smoke, immobilization and darkness stress on serum ck levels, whereas serum alp levels of experimental groups have shown no significant synergism for the mentioned factors. results the results indicated enhanced serum ck and alp levels in all groups compared with control (p < 0.05). also, there was a significant differe...

Diffusion in pure gels and gels with immobilized cells was analyzed. A model of diffusion assuming a homogeneous cell distribution in gel was improved by introducing a tortuosity value. By theoretical analysis and numerical modeling it was shown that the tortuosity of a gel with immobilized cells is the product of two factors: (1) tortuosity generated by the cells, Tc, and (2) tortuosity of the...

The present study focus on the biodegradation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by Bacillus sp. YRE1 isolated from red effluent in free state and also cells immobilized on charcoal and polystyrene. TNT degradation was monitored weekly for 168 hours, at 262 nm. Immobilized Bacillus sp. YRE1 was checked for its ability to degrade TNT by exposing it to different temperatures. It was found that both charcoa...

α-Amylase from Trichoderma harzianum was covalently immobilized on activated wool by cyanuric chloride. Immobilized α-amylase exhibited 75% of its initial activity after 10 runs. The soluble and immobilized α-amylases exhibited maximum activity at pH values 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was more thermally stable than the soluble one. Various substrates were hydrolyzed by imm...

Sewage sludge digestate is a valuable organic waste which can be used as fertilizer in soil bioremediation. not only good source of nutrients but also rich bacteria carrying alkB genes, are involved aliphatic hydrocarbons metabolism. Increase genes ratio polluted soils has been observed to improve bioremediation efficiency. In this study, for the first time, genetic potential indigenous microor...

      The abilities of Silybum marianum cell culture to biotransform benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol in three culture systems were compared. Callus cultures of Silybum marianum were established from seedlings, and healthy suspensions and immobilized cultures grown on the Murashige and Skoog medium. S. marianum cells were immobilized in both agar beads and fiber cotton ...