Immobilization process is to optimize the operational performance of an enzyme for industrial applications. So far different matrices have been described in the literature to improve the performance of the immobilized enzymes. With the advent of nanotechnology, the nanomaterials because of their unique physico-chemical properties constitute novel and interesting matrices for enzyme immobilizati...

In a previous study (Kelleher AR, Kimball SR, Dennis MD, Schilder RJ, and Jefferson LS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304: E229-236, 2013.), we observed a rapid (i.e., 1-3 days) immobilization-induced repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in hindlimb skeletal muscle of young (2-mo-old) rats that was associated with elevated expression of regulated in develop...

Protein malnutrition induces structural, neurochemical and functional alterations in the central nervous system, leading to behavioral alterations. In the present study, we used the elevated plus-maze (EPM) as a measure of anxiety to evaluate the interaction between acute immobilization and housing conditions on the behavior of malnourished rats. Pups (6 males and 2 females) were fed by Wistar ...

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is the most important identified virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a human pathogen of the upper respiratory tract. One limitation in studies of S. pneumoniae surface virulence factors is the lack of a reliable procedure for isolation of capsule-negative mutants of clinical strains. This paper presents an approach, based on the immobilization of pne...

The high-affinity interaction between biotin and streptavidin has opened avenues for using recombinant proteins with site-specific biotinylation to achieve efficient and directional immobilization. The site-specific biotinylation of proteins carrying a 15 amino acid long Biotin Acceptor Peptide tag (BAP; also known as AviTag) is effected on a specific lysine either by co-expressing the E. coli ...

BACKGROUND The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) attains 1.8 m in height and over 80 kg in weight. These large birds are equipped with large claws and, although not a direct threat to humans, they have caused serious injury to handlers and members of the public. METHODS AND RESULTS This study describes chemical immobilisation, restraint, transport and post-monitoring (satelli...

Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5), widely distributed in nature, catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide at a rate 1014 times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction.1–3 Among enzymes, urease is most extensively studied for immobilization due to the possible exploitation in practical applications, such as quantitative determination of blood urea in clinical examinatio...

The conditions, including mass ratio of PEG4000 to lipase, pH, and mass ratio of diatomites to lipase, for immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase with PEG non-covalent modification were optimized by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). The immobilized lipase specific activity in the reaction of transesterification was selected as the response value. A mathematical model was dev...

Immobilization of proteins in a functionally active form and proper orientation is crucial for effective surface-based analysis of proteins. Here we present a general method for controlled and oriented immobilization of protein by site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acid and click chemistry. The utility and potential of this method was demonstrated by applying it to the analysis of i...

Surface functionalization with bioactive molecules (BAMs) on a nanometre scale is a main field in current biomaterial research. The immobilization of a vast number of substances and molecules, ranging from inorganic calcium phosphate phases up to peptides and proteins, has been investigated throughout recent decades. However, in vitro and in vivo results are heterogeneous. This may be at least ...