We discuss a reinforcement learning framework where learners observe experts interacting with the environment. Our approach is to construct from these observations exploratory policies which favor selection of actions the expert has taken. This imitation strategy can be applied at any stage of learning, and requires neither that information regarding reinforcement be conveyed from the expert to...

A recent study reported a significant increase in teenage suicides after television newscasts about suicide in the period 1973-1979 and suggested that the increase might have resulted from an imitative effect of television. In the present study, the authors found no significant association between newscasts and subsequent teenage suicides over the period 1973-1984. Although teenage suicides inc...

Developing a model with a switching mechanism, we show how complex dynamics can be generated even though heterogeneity arises among agents with the same trading rules (fundamentalists). We assume that there are two experts which are imitated by other operators. We show that (i) market instability and periodic, or even, chaotic price fluctuations can be generated; (ii) conditions exist under whi...

This paper analyses a model of learning by imitation, where besides the decision maker, there is a population of individuals facing the same decision problem. We analyse a property called Absolute Expediency, which requires that the decision maker’s expected payo¤ increases from one round to the next for every decision problem and every state of the population. We give a simple characterisation...

abdol sabur the poet of this age is one of the best poets of egyptafter ahmad shoghi that go to north and he has different experiences in several genere such as drama and poem. he used from survivor of thought of god in his poem. that is most important characterist of his poem, and he tried to approach this - characteristic to the poem. one of the most important topics that poem of this age wit...

According to the ideomotor theory, actions are represented in terms of their perceptual effects, offering a solution for the correspondence problem of imitation (how to translate the observed action into a corresponding motor output). This effect-based coding of action is assumed to be acquired through action-effect learning. Accordingly, performing an action leads to the integration of the per...

"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" shows many features associated with seventeenth-century metaphysical poetry in general, and with Donne's work in particular. Donne's contemporary, the English writer Izaak Walton, tells us the poem dates from 1611, when Donne, about to travel to France and Germany, wrote for his wife this valediction, or farewell speech. Like most poetry of Donne's time, it ...

Whereas building and enriching ontologies are complex and tedious tasks, only few tools propose a complete solution to assist users. This paper presents POEM (Platform for Ontology crEation and Management) which provides a complete environment for ontology building, merge and evolution. POEM’s algorithms are based on existence constraints and Boolean equations that allow to capture the semantic...