Illiteracy remains a world-wide problem not only for children but also for adults. Phonological processing has been defined as a crucial factor for the acquisition of written language, which usually occurs in childhood. However, it is unclear to what extent phonological processing is necessary in order for adults to acquire written language skills. We tested 47 illiterate adults before and afte...

Objectiveto assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and MTCT (Mother-to-child transmission) among pregnant women. Methoda cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 pregnant women attending the OPD of PHC Sampatchak from January 2012 to June 2012. The study tool consisted of self-developed, pre-tested questionnaire. Results were analysed using SPSS latest version. Results88.67% of the women were illit...

Tests of visual reproduction are used to assess visual memory. However, when the test is based on geometrical elements results could be influenced by schooling. Objective To evaluate the influence of different schooling levels on performance of a visual reproduction task. Methods A sample of 253 individuals (66 male and 187 female), aged 60 to 92 years were evaluated on a visual reproductio...

This report bears on the behavior of 188 unilateral stroke subjects when administered an aphasia screening test comprising a short interview as well as naming, repetition, word-picture matching and sentence-picture matching tasks. All subjects were unilingual lusophone adult (40 yr of age or older) right-handers. Furthermore, they were either totally unschooled illiterates or they had received ...

The lifelong acquisition of cognitive skills shapes the biology of the brain. However, there are critical periods for the best use of the brain to process the acquired information. Objectives To discuss the critical period of cognitive acquisition, the concept of cognitive reserve and the HAROLD (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older adults) model. Methods Seven women who learned how to ...

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a chronic debilitating condition with long-term sufferings, and depression is considered as common comorbidity. Objective: It was aimed to see the depression status among the SCI patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2016 to June 2017 among the patients...

PURPOSE Female sex workers (FSWs) are a key-affected population susceptible to acquiring HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as transmitting the virus to others. The aim of the study was to assess HIV and syphilis prevalence among FSWs in Nepal and to examine factors associated with it. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was based on Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surve...

In Afghanistan, malnutrition in children less than 60 months of age remains high despite nutritional services being offered in health facilities since 2003. Afghanistan's Ministry of Public Health solicited extensive community consultation to develop pictorial community-based growth monitoring and promotion (cGMP) tools to help illiterate community health workers (CHWs) provide nutritional asse...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rural China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted within a cohort of adults older than 50 years of age in Linxian County, China. A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was used to screen cases of possible dementia. Three different cutoff points on CMMSE were applied depending on ...