BACKGROUND Patient safety and optimisation of worker performance are high current priorities. Arguments over employee drug testing have been debated over the past two decades. AIMS To review prior information to reveal how current principles and practices regarding pre-employment drug testing of health care workers evolved, and to explore pressing current and future issues. METHODS A litera...

OBJECTIVES Initiation of tobacco, alcohol and illicit substance use typically occurs during adolescence, with the school setting recommended to reduce adolescent substance use. Strengthening individual (eg, problem solving) and environmental (eg, caring relationships at school) resilience protective factors of adolescents has been suggested as a strategy for reducing substance use by adolescent...

BACKGROUND Precise assessment of the prevalence of illicit drug use, face various methodological challenges. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of illicit drug use among students studying at Universities in Shahroud (Northeast of Iran) through crosswise method. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants of this cross-sectional study were 1646 students at Universities in...

Background: Addiction and drug misuse is an illness that affects every community in every country. Based on the previous research in many parts of the world, illicit drug use is considered as a well-known risk factor for morbidity, disability, and premature mortality. Although this issue is a hot topic for public health, little studies have looked the epidemiol...

Women experience alarming levels of physical and sexual assault, which may lead to escalation of substance use. Reciprocally, evidence from cross-sectional studies indicates that substance use may increase risk of assault. To date, directionality of this relationship remains unclear. This issue is addressed by the present 3-wave longitudinal study in which a national probability sample of 3,006...

Intussusceptions are generally associated with mechanical lead points or localized inflammation that function as foci for intestinal telescoping. We present the case of a patient whose abuse of anabolic steroids resulted in the development of multiple simultaneous intussusceptions. Our patient had no additional identifiable risk factors for intussusception. Consistent with previous reports, cor...

What is known and Objective Deaths due to opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) continue rise despite intense regulatory professional actions. COVID-19 has only worsened this situation.1 An opioid receptor antagonist (ORA) such as naloxone the most common intervention for OIRD. However, with increasing overdose from highly potent illicit opioids polysubstance abuse, appraisal of adequacy...