CD4 T helper (Th) lymphocytes play a central role in orchestrating immune responses. While the specificity of naïve CD4 T cells is fixed and constrained by the TCR they express, their effector potential is flexible and unbiased. After antigen encounter, Th lymphocytes acquire a specific effector function by responding to the summation of input signals provided by antigen-presenting cells (APC) ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.11.002 2352-3964/© 2014 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V Asthma affects over 300 million people worldwide and its prevatance of different potential therapeutic targets. With several new theralence continues to rise. It is typically characterised by intermittent symptoms of breathlessness, cough and wheeze punctuated with asthma attacks together with v...

To support dietary management of severe cow's milk allergic infants, a synbiotic mixture of non-digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (B. breve) was designed from source materials that are completely cow's milk-free. It was investigated whether this specific synbiotic concept can reduce an established food allergic response in a research model for hen's egg allergy. Mice w...

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are the first mutations that occur during the oncogenic process of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and confers a novel gain-offunction activity by converting a-ketoglutarate (aKG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), promoting DNA hypermethylation. Our analysis of LGG cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that IDHmutant (IDH-Mut) cases exhibit dec...

RATIONALE: While severe asthma affects approximately 5% of all individuals with asthma, this small minority of individuals accounts for a large proportion of the asthma-related costs. Greater understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma combined with the emergence of novel biologic therapies for severe asthma supported the need for a thorough review of the diagnosis, investigation, phenotypin...

Abstract Study question Do patients with adenomyosis have an impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium that could affect implantation and pregnancy? Summary answer Adenomyosis show increased proinflammatory cytokines expression deregulated decidualization markers in eutopic which lead to altered endometrial receptivity implantation. What is known already estrogen-dependent chronic conditio...

way inflammation associated with the accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, in the bronchial wall and airway lumen. Eosinophils at the site of inflammation release preformed and newly synthesized mediators, including eosinophil cationic protein, major basic protein, leukotriene C4, and reactive oxygen. These mediators contribute to the formation of the pathologi...

Objectives—To evaluate the eVect of antiTNFá on the Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA). Methods—Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 20 patients with active SpA treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg). For comparison, PBMC were also obtained from 15 healthy controls and 19 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After stimulation with PMA/...