Under the influence of many factors, such as cytokines or chemokines, macrophages specialize into two subpopulations: pro-inflammatory M1 (classical pathway) anti-inflammatory M2 (alternative pathway). Upon stimulation with bacterial ligand PAM3CSK4 and upon LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), TLR (toll-like receptors) 1/2 receptors TLR4, respectively, activate NFκB pathway, which leads to downregulation...

Persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) is a leading cause of infertility in mares. The objective the study was to assess genital perfusion and endometrial gene expression inflammatory cytokines mares classified as susceptible (n = 5) or resistant PBIE. Ten were examined daily during estrus until 6 d after hCG-induced ovulation for two estrous cycles. Twenty-four hours application 1500 ...

Jiedu Huoxue Decoction (JHD), a recommended traditional prescription for patients with severe COVID-19, has appeared in the treatment protocols China. Based on bioinformatics and computational chemistry methods, including molecular docking, dynamics (MD) simulation, Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) calculation, we aimed to reveal mechanism of JHD treating COVID-19. Th...

OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem. The disease is driven by abnormal inflammatory reactions in response to inhaled particles and fumes. Therefore, inflammatory mediators are postulated to be of distinct importance. Keeping in view of the above facts; we investigate the role of polymorphisms of cytokine genes in the genetic predisposition of COPD. ...

Activating mutations of K-ras are frequent in colon tumors and aberrant crypt foci, and may play important roles in colon carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the effects of a K-ras codon 12 mutation on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. When rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were transfected with K-ras cDNA, the iNOS expression linked to interleukin-1b (IL1b) or lipopoly...

Iron is an essential element. However, in its free form, iron participates in redox-reactions, leading to the production of free radicals that increase oxidative stress and the risk of damaging processes. Living organisms have an efficient mechanism that regulates iron absorption according to their iron content to protect against oxidative damage. The effects of restricted and enriched-iron die...

INTRODUCTION The mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), including the role of MAP kinases, are frequently studied in different mouse strains. A useful model for such studies is the isolated perfused mouse lung. As a further development we present the one-lung method that permits to continue perfusion and ventilation of the right lung after removal of the left lung. This method was...

Chronic inflammation has been reported to be a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia. The propensity to mount an inflammatory response is modified by germ line variation in cytokine and other inflammation-related genes. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory genotype would be positively associated with colorectal adenoma, a precursor of colorectal cancer. We investigated the association of color...