Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) presents an appealing option for investigating hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during exercise. This review examines the physical basis of NIRS and the types of available instruments. Emphasis is placed on the physiological interpretation of NIRS signals. Theories from affective neuroscience and exercise psychobiology, including Davidson's prefrontal...

Fermentation is a key step in obtaining fine cocoa through the formation of potent aroma precursors. The fermentation level of cocoa beans is traditionally assessed by measuring the amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃) using the time-consuming Conway technique. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a rapid and efficient tool, was used to analyze NH₃ levels in several hundred cocoa samples at different...

A recent workshop brought together a mix of researchers with expertise in optical physics, cerebral hemodynamics, cognitive neuroscience, and developmental psychology to review the potential utility of near-IR spectroscopy (NIRS) for studies of brain activity underlying cognitive processing in human infants. We summarize the key findings that emerged from this workshop and outline the pros and ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become widely accepted as a valuable tool for noninvasively monitoring hemodynamics for clinical and diagnostic purposes. Baseline shift has attracted great attention in the field, but there has been little quantitative study on baseline removal. Here, we aimed to study the baseline characteristics of an in-house-built portable medical NIRS device over a lo...

Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled the non-invasive elucidation of the neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies in human patients have suggested that the frontal cortex and subcortical structures may play a role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here we used NIRS to investigate neurobi...

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a novel and promising technology for cost effective and noninvasive brain imaging in research and clinical practice. Utilizing the fact that near-infrared light is mostly absorbed by tissue hemoglobin, one can measure the intensity of light scattered and reflected by tissue (e.g., brain) to track local changes in hemoglobin concentrations within cortical layers (ne...

BACKGROUND This study assesses the utility of a hybrid optical instrument for noninvasive transcranial monitoring in the neurointensive care unit. The instrument is based on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measurement of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration. DCS/NIRS measurements of CBF and oxygena...

INTRODUCTION Among imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT) is a reliable method for detecting intracranial hematomas in patients with head trauma, but it is not generally available in special circumstances like prehospital situations and harsh conditions such as those following an earthquake. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine if near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is us...

Leaf water content (LWC) is a crucial physiological parameter that plays limiting role in the efficiency of photosynthesis and biomass production many plants. This study investigated use diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid prediction gravimetric LWC eucalypt leaves from Eucalyptus Corymbia genera. The best-performing model gave R2pred 0.85 RMSEP 2.32% an independent ...

We realized a compact hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system by integrating a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device with an economical electroencephalography (EEG) system. The NIRS array was located on the subjects' forehead, covering the prefrontal area. The EEG electrodes were distributed over the frontal, motor/temporal, and parietal areas. The experimental paradigm involve...