This article is written on the basis of a study meaning-making coping in Iran. The part an international project 10 countries with different religious and cultural backgrounds. aims to discuss secular existential methods employed by Iranian cancer patients. Interviews were conducted 27 participants various kinds cancer. Nine strategies emerged from analyses qualitative interviews. These are as ...

In designing learning algorithms it seems quite reasonable to construct them in a way such that all data the algorithm already has obtained are correctly and completely re ected in the hypothesis the algorithm outputs on these data. However, this approach may totally fail, i.e., it may lead to the unsolvability of the learning problem, or it may exclude any e cient solution of it. In particular...

In this paper I analyse the effects of ignoring level shifts in the data generating process (DGP) on systems cointegration tests that do not accommodate level shifts. I consider two groups of Likelihood Ratio tests based on procedures suggested by Johansen (1988, 1995) and Saikkonen & Lütkepohl (2000b). The Monte Carlo analysis reveals that ignoring level shifts reduces the tests’ sizes to zero...

purpose: the present paper aims to relate self-efficacy as an important psychological construct to information literacy as an essential requisite of the information society.methodology: reviewing related literature in communication, sociology, information science and computer science.findings: self-efficacy could increase interest, efforts, enjoy, self-regulation and performance. it is consider...