qasāma is one of the proofs for homicide, which will be reliable in case of the existence of lawth (strong suspicion). there are two major views on how it is implemented. in sum, the first view deems as necessary swearing fifty oaths by fifty people; however the second view deems as sufficient swearing of fifty oaths by the claimant for proving the crime. the second view is a generally accepted...

More and more often the multiagent formations found in high-risk military and civilian missions are designed to sustain the loss of some agents or control/communication links. In a military context, the agent loss could be a result of enemy attack and/or mechanical breakdown, while the link loss is usually due to enemy jamming, reduced transmission power, obstacles and/or hardware failure. If t...

the main objective of this paper is to find the necessary and sufficient condition of a given finslermetric to be einstein in order to classify the einstein finsler metrics on a compact manifold. the consideredeinstein finsler metric in the study describes all different kinds of einstein metrics which are pointwiseprojective to the given one. this study has resulted in the following theorem tha...

let $r$ be a commutative ring and $m$ be an $r$-module with $t(m)$ as subset,   the set of torsion elements. the total graph of the module denoted   by $t(gamma(m))$, is the (undirected) graph with all elements of   $m$ as vertices, and for distinct elements  $n,m in m$, the   vertices $n$ and $m$ are adjacent if and only if $n+m in t(m)$. in this paper we   study the domination number of $t(ga...

in this paper,  we determine necessary and sufficient tauberian conditions under which convergence in pringsheim's sense of a double sequence of fuzzy numbers follows from its $(c,1,1)$ summability. these conditions are satisfied if the double sequence of fuzzy numbers is slowly oscillating in different senses. we also construct some interesting double sequences of fuzzy numbers.