Contributors to this symposium have outlined the present status of our scientific knowledge of what is one of the most fascinating regions on this globe, the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. No completely satisfactory definition of this region exists. It may be defined as those islands which lie within the Subantarctic zone of surface waters, bounded to the north by the Subtropical Converge...

Integration of optics with genetics to control any events within particular cells of living tissue is known as optogenetics. Term ‘Optogenetics’ was introduced in early 1970’s. It is the marriage between optics and genetics to control specific cells of living tissue. This paper introduces the field of optogenetics and its emergence from biophotonics and summarizes the role of optics in the fiel...

Introduction There are many issues impacting the history of media collections in academic libraries. Facets of this history are intertwined with the profession of media librarianship and the fields adjacent to it such as instructional technology and audiovisual production. Additionally, popular culture and the demand from library users impact our collection development decisions. Topics such as...

In searching for methods to distinguish knots and links, recent work has focussed on the more general virtual knots and links, introduced by Kauffman in [2]. If we ignore the over/under information at each crossing, we obtain a flat virtual knot or link (still called a knot or a link), sometimes called the universe of the original virtual knot or link. It is a triviality that if the original vi...

Here H(X) measures the average uncertainty associated with the random variable X. If X is the lifetime of a system and if the system has survived up to time t, then to measure the uncertainty about the remaining lifetime of such a system the measure (1) is not appropriate. Ebrahimi (1996) proposed a measure which measures the uncertainty about the remaining lifetime of a system if it is working...

Past years have seen a plethora of studies on the construct of trust in business relationships. Despite the significance of trust in developing relationships, research on trust still has two main deficiencies. First, previous studies attempted to stretch the concept of trust from interpersonal towards interorganizational relationships which resulted in a cross-level fallacy, as the emotional ch...

A technique is presented for measuring the parallel energy distribution of magnetically confined electrons in a cylindrically symmetric pure electron plasma. In essence, the technique measures how many electrons are energetic enough to escape past applied confinement potentials. The technique does not require any secondary magnetic fields. Simplified variations of the technique are also present...

Over the past two decades married women’s labor force participation has shown a considerable increase in the US. In particular, both the cross sectional and the life cycle behavior of married women’s hours worked has undergone a substantial change. I show that a key factor underlying this trend is the change in behavior for married women with children. In particular, while in the past married w...

Past research reveals a tension between children's preferences for egalitarianism and ingroup favoritism when distributing resources to others. Here we investigate how children's evaluations and expectations of others' behaviors compare. Four- to 10-year-old children viewed events where individuals from two different groups distributed resources to their own group, to the other group, or equall...

Virtual embodiments of people in groupware systems provide a wealth of information to others in the group. They allow for explicit gestural communication, and they provide implicit awareness information about people’s locations and activities. However, the constraints of current networked groupware limit the effectiveness of these kinds of communication. This paper investigates how embodiments ...