this article elaborates on the experience of higher medical education evaluation in iran. although institutional evaluation in iran started in about a decade ago, recent policies of the government to increase quality of higher medical education have contributed to a special effort in designing and implementing evaluation mechanisms in university systems in iran. among these a process of interna...

More than 90% of children in Africa are infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) by the age of 12 months. However, the high-frequency, immunodominant CD8+ T-cell responses that control CMV infection have not been well studied in African populations. We therefore sought to define the immunodominant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses within sub-Saharan African study subjects. Among 257 subjects, we de...

BACKGROUND asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common among the institutionalised elderly (IE). The cytokine levels and factors associated with ASB are unknown. OBJECTIVE to analyse cytokines and factors associated with ASB among the IE living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Taiwan. METHODS this case-control study included residents ≥65 years in two LTCFs. The demographics, functional...

It is widely accepted that small DNA tumor viruses, such as adenovirus, simian virus 40 and papillomavirus, push infected cells into Sphase to facilitate the replication of their genome. Until recently, it was believed that the large DNA viruses (i.e. herpesviruses) functioned very differently in this regard by inducing a G1 arrest in infected cells as part of their replication process. However...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurones and it is widely assumed that latency is the consequence of a failure to initiate virus immediate-early (IE) gene expression. However, using a Cre reporter mouse system in conjunction with Cre-expressing HSV-1 recombinants we have previously shown that activation of the IE ICP0 promoter can precede latency establ...

Background: Long COVID is a complex multiorgan disorder that can affect patients’ lives severely. Recent reports suggest symptoms improve after COVID-19 vaccination.  Methods: We used data from the ComPaRe long cohort to emulate target trial evaluating effect of vaccination among patients with who still had persistent at baseline. Vaccinated were matched unvaccinated controls in 1:1 ratio by...

The review analysis of twenty two irrigation efficiency (IE) studies carried out in the Ebro River Basin shows that IE is low (average IE)(avg)(= 53%) in surface-irrigated areas with high-permeable and shallow soils inadequate for this irrigation system, high (IE)(avg)(= 79%) in surface-irrigated areas with appropriate soils for this system, and very high (IE)(avg)(= 94%) in modern, automated a...

To study trans-activation of gene expression by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate-early (IE) proteins, the IE coding region 1 (ie1), which encodes the 89,000-Mr IE phosphoprotein (pp89), was stably introduced into L cells. A cell line was selected and characterized that efficiently expressed the authentic viral protein. The pp89 that was constitutively expressed in L cells stimulated the ...

A convergence result for a 'generalized Richardson extrapolation process is improved .upon considerably and additional results of interest are'proved. An application of practical importance is also given. T ec hn io n C om pu te r Sc ie nc e D ep ar tm en t T eh ni ca l R ep or t C S0 53 0 19 88