INTRODUCTION Mannitol was used in traumatic brain injury but controversy about the onset and duration. SETTING Clinical observational study. METHODS Fourteen traumatic brain injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < or = 8 were enrolled. Group I patients (n = 8) with intracranial pressure (ICP) < 20 mmHg, and group II patients (n = 6) with ICP > or = 20 mmHg underwent transcr...

Abstract— In incipient stage for laboratory experiments, a monitoring and control based on human operators is usual. Using the acquired experience, a computer monitoring and even control is necessary and possible. In the actual developing plan to apply the cryogenic technology for the production of the C isotope by industrial scale, an efficient and safe operation is a strong reason to conceive...

OBJECTIVE : Intracranial hypertension after severe head injury is associated with case fatality, but there is no sound evidence that monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and targeted management of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) improve outcome, despite widespread recommendation by experts in the field. The purpose was to determine the effect of ICP/CPP-targeted intensive care on functio...

Closed head injury is the leading cause of death in young patients in industrialized countries. Patients who survive the initial injury are susceptible to sustaining secondary cerebral insults which are initiated by the release of endogenous neurotoxic inflammatory mediators. The presence of hypoxia and hypotension in the early resuscitative period represents the ‘‘key’’ parameter for induction...

PURPOSE Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is associated with worse outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have confirmed that ICP is correlated with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) on ultrasound. The aim of our study was to assess the independent relationship between ONSD measured using CT and mortality in a population of patients admitted with severe TBI. METHODS We ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Therapeutic hypothermia improves clinical outcome after cardiac arrest and appears beneficial in other cerebrovascular diseases. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between surface head/neck cooling and brain temperature. METHODS Prospective observational study enrolling consecutive patients with severe ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke undergoing intra...

Cadmium in blood (Cd-B) is an important indicator, next to Cd in urine, in biological monitoring of exposure to Cd. The present study was initiated to examine compatibility in results of analysis for Cd-B between graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). For this purpose, 1,159 blood samples were collected from adult ...

BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a severe phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency; the mainstay of treatment is a low-phenylalanine diet. A diet which is so restrictive is associated with a risk of nutritional deficiencies. We investigated plasma concentrations for 46 elements, including minerals and trace elements. METHODS We enrolled 20 children and adolescents with PKU and 20 mat...

UNLABELLED In order to select the optimal neurointensive treatment for patients with severe head injury and intracranial hypertension, the effects of hypothermia (HT), barbiturates (BT), and osmotic agents (OT) on focal and diffuse cerebral oxygen metabolism were evaluated by means of continuous monitoring of bifrontal regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO2), ju...