Objective: People with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), are at risk for cardiorespiratory illnesses because sedentary life. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular, respiratory and lipid profiles in spinal cord injured individuals. Materials & Methods: Twenty spinal cord injured individuals above 70% level of disability (49.9 ± 4.5...

the present study has tried to accomplish an analysis of margaret atwood’s novels oryx and crake, and the year of the flood in the light of posthuman and cyborg theories. considering posthumanism as a critical reading of some notions of humanism focus of which in this thesis has been identity, new definitions for humanity and human identity are formed. haraway’s cyborg, as one possible new figu...

previous studies regarding teachers’ beliefs have revealed that teachers’ beliefs have influence on their classroom practices. the current study aimed to investigate the effect of teachers’ beliefs about teaching reading strategies on students’ motivation and success in reading comprehension in the context of english teaching as a foreign language in high schools of mazandaran, iran. data were ...

teachers’ beliefs greatly influence their performance in the classroom, their choice of instructional strategies, their way of controlling the class, their dealing with the students, and their general goals and objectives. one of these beliefs is teachers’ sense of efficacy which is viewed as an important construct and has shown to be positively correlated with students’ achievement (ross, 1992...

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that th...

this study examines the effetivenss of task-based activities in helping students learn english language structures for a better communication. initially, a michigan test was administered to the two groups of 52 students majoring in english at the allameh ghotb -e- ravandi university to ensure their homogeneity. the students scores on the grammar part of this test were also regarded as their pre...

the history of plant’s used for mankind is as old as the start of humankind. initially, people used plants for their nutritional proposes but after the discovery of medicinal properties, this natural ?ora became a useful source of disease cure and health improvement across various human communities. berberis vulgaris is one of the medicinal plants used in iranian traditional medicine. berberis ...

Background and Objectives: Since orexin regulates food intake and energy expenditure, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance and resistance training on serum levels of orexin A, lipid profiles and dietary intake of healthy rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 healthy Wistar rats (8 weeks old) with a weight range of 265±22 were randomly divi...

as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...

Background & Objectives: Regular exercise training has considerable effects on improving the function of the immune system. In this regard, the type of exercise training is of pivotal importance. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of resistance, endurance, and combined resistance/endurance (RE) exercise training on serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) and C-reactive protein...