Glucose transport is acutely stimulated by hypoxia through enhanced GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 glucose transporter function. GLUT-1 expression is also stimulated by hypoxia or azide. Moreover, hypoxia per se, acting through hypoxia-inducible factor 1, enhances GLUT-1 transcription. GLUT-1 is the first gene whose transcription is dually stimulated in response to hypoxia and inhibition of oxidative phosph...

Background: Tumor microenvironment is an active factor participating in immunoregulation, thereby preventing immunosurveillance and limiting the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Hypoxia as a major characteristic of solid tumors causes the expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). This is a transcription factor that mediates hypoxic responses of tumor cells and involves in the express...

Survival rates from childhood cancer have improved dramatically in the last 40 years, such that over 80% of children are now cured. However in certain subgroups, including metastatic osteosarcoma, survival has remained stubbornly poor, despite dose intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Hypoxia is common in adult solid tumours and is associated w...

Tyrosine hydroxylase, a hypoxia-regulated gene, may be involved in tissue adaptation to hypoxia. Intermittent hypoxia, a characteristic feature of sleep apnea, leads to significant memory deficits, as well as to cortex and hippocampal apoptosis that are absent after sustained hypoxia. To examine the hypothesis that sustained and intermittent hypoxia induce different catecholaminergic responses,...

Here we show that the effect of hypoxia on human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) migration is via the modulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its related signaling pathways. Hypoxia increased hMSC migration and cell viability, whereas lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was not affected for up to 48 h (data not shown). In addition, hypoxia increased the level of reactive...

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in regulating the adaptive response to hypoxia. HIF-1α is stabilised during hypoxia and, after dimerisation with hypoxia-inducible factor 1β (HIF-1β), triggers the expression of various genes involved in cell cycle control and energy metabolism associated with cell survival. However, HIF-1α also regulates the e...

Hypoxia plays an important role in the resistance of tumour cells to chemotherapy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. Moreover, according to the cell lines, hypoxia differently influences cell death. The study of the effects of hypoxia on the apoptosis induced by 5 chemotherapeutic drugs in 7 cancer cell types showed that hypoxia generally inhibited t...

The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) gene expression during hypoxia in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that the A2AR mRNA level was substantially increased after a 3-h exposure to hypoxia (5% O2), which reached a peak at 12 h. Immunoblot analysis showed that the A2AR protein level was also increased during hypoxi...

Migraine with aura is prevalent in high-altitude populations suggesting an association between migraine aura and hypoxia. We investigated whether experimental hypoxia triggers migraine and aura attacks in patients suffering from migraine with aura. We also investigated the metabolic and vascular response to hypoxia. In a randomized double-blind crossover study design, 15 migraine with aura pati...

Hypoxia is necessary for fetal development; however, excess hypoxia is detrimental. Hypoxia has been extensively studied in the near-term fetus, but less is known about earlier fetal effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the window of vulnerability to severe hypoxia, what organ system(s) is most sensitive, and why hypoxic fetuses die. We induced hypoxia by reducing maternal-inspir...