A patient with a syndrome consisting of blepharophimosis, simple ears, hypoplastic teeth, developmental delay, and hypotonia is described. Previous case reports are reviewed and a differential diagnosis is described. Many of the features in the subject are similar to those described in two previous reports and they constitute a distinct syndrome.

A case of a male infant presenting in the neonatal period is described to highlight the morbidity of Prader-Willi. His features included marked hypotonia, feeding difficulty, hypogonadism and typically dysmorphic facies. Marked improvement in muscle tone was noted by 5 months of age. Emphasis is placed on its neonatal presentation and possible aetiologic mechanisms. The natural history is also ...

Muscular hypotonia in infants may be associated with several conditions, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We report on an infant with tongue fasciculations and a rare mutation of the SMN1 gene. The presence of tongue fasciculations in combination with a thorough history may be suggestive of SMA.

3q26.33-3q27.2 microdeletion can be classified as a clinical entity characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, feeding problems in infancy, short stature, intellectual disability, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features (medially sparse eyebrows, narrow horizontal palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge and tip, short philtrum, and downturned corners of mouth), and teeth an...

A 14 months old male child with psychomotor retardation and hypotonia is reported, where computerized axial tomography revealed multiple calcification and ventriculomegaly secondary to cortical atrophy. Investigation suggested the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection. Importance of early diagnosis is emphasized as the potential long term sequelae can be prevented or reduced markedly with avai...

Megalocornea-mental retardation syndrome (MMR) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with megalocornea, mental and motor retardation, hypotonia, seizures, short stature, and characteristic dysmorphic traits (MIM 249310). We present a new case in order to delineate with more accuracy the typical phenotype.

Kleefstra syndrome is characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, congenital heart defects, and so forth. It is caused by 9q34.3 microdeletions or EHMT1 mutations. Herein a 20-month-old girl with Kleefstra syndrome, due to a de novo subterminal deletion, is described. She exhibits a rare and complex cardiopathy, encompassing multiple coronary artery microfistulas, VSD/...

This is a case report of a patient with idiopathic gingival hyperplasia and an undiagnosed genetic disorder that demonstrated static encephalopathy, mental retardation, developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, and severe gingival hypertrophy. The clinical dental management and attempts to obtain a genetic diagnosis are described.

A de novo GFAP variant, p.R376W, was identified in a child presenting with hypotonia, developmental delay, and abnormal brain MRI. Following the 2015 ACMG variant classification guidelines and the functional studies showing protein aggregate formation in vitro, p.R376W should be classified as a pathogenic variant, causative for Alexander disease.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a multi system disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, later obesity, hyperphagia and mental retardation. It occurs sporadically, either as a result of microdeletion of chromosome 15p (70%) or as a result of maternal disomy of chromosome 15 (30%). The major problems encountered by parents are those of hyperphagia, food-seeking and obesity, and conduct disorder, pa...