BACKGROUND In epidemiological studies explanatory variables are frequently subject to measurement error. The aim of this paper is to develop a Bayesian method to correct for measurement error in multiple continuous exposures in individually matched case-control studies. This is a topic that has not been widely investigated. The new method is illustrated using data from an individually matched c...

presented study, 150 μg/day iodine supplementation was started in the first trimester. We think this dose may be regarded as inadequate iodine supplementation. In addition, urinary iodine excretion in the third trimester was significantly lower in smokers, but this finding was not discussed properly. In another study among women of childbearing age, urinary iodine excretion in heavy cigarette s...

Thyroid hormones are essential for brain developat through specific time windows influencing neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis. The actions of thyroid hormones are mostly due to interaction of the active hormone T3 with nuclear receptors and regulation of gene expression. T4 and T3 also perform non-genomic actions. The gen...

Transient hypothyroxinemia in infants born to mothers with poorly controlled Graves' disease was first reported in 1988. We report that short-term hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism with low basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels developed in a very low birth weight infant born at 27 weeks of gestation to a noncompliant mother with thyrotoxicosis attributable to Graves' disease....

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal brain development. The simplicity of this statement, however, dramatically understates the complexity of the issues confronting us as we develop ways to identify factors in the environment that affect TH signaling in the developing brain, and methods of estimating the potential risk to human health of exposures to these factors. There are many known ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are environmental contaminants that have been a problem since the 1960s. PCB are a serious concern because they are widespread, lipophilic, and bioaccumulate through food webs concentrating in adipose tissue. PCB are a threat to both wildlife and humans because they elicit metabolic and endocrine disruptions with some problems including hypothyroxinemia, spatial ...

Hypothyroidism, defined as thyrotropin (TSH) above and free thyroxine (fT4) serum level below the reference rage, as well as hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed TSH and elevated thyroid hormones exceeding the upper limit of the reference range, may have major impacts on fertility and pregnancy outcome. Ideally, euthyroidism, defined as TSH and fT4 in the reference range, should be establishe...

The increasing awareness of the importance of the proper maternal thyroid function for fetal development prompted the development of guidelines on thyroid diseases in pregnancy. They have been created based on trial results as well as the personal experience of experts. The main differences between guidelines published by the Endocrine Society (ES, 2007, revised in 2012), the American Thyroid A...

There is increasing evidence that hormonal influences may play a key role in the pathogenesis of corneal ectasia.1,2 Furthermore, transitory corneal topographical variations due to hormonal influences during pregnancy have been recently reported.3 We highlight a case of corneal topographic fluctuations associated with exacerbated hypothyroidism. A 47-year-old woman without medical history was r...

Kolevská J . , M. Svoboda: Immunoreactive Cortisol Measurement in Canine Urine and its Validity in Hyperadrenocorticism Diagnosis. Acta Vet. Brno 2000, 69: 217–223. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of immunoreactive cortisol determination in urine and an assessment of the validity of urine cortisol/creatinine ratio (UCCR) in dogs. The UCCR was measured in three groups of dogs: (...