BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, there is no clear demonstration that the improvement of serum sodium concentration ([Na(+)]) counteracts the increased risk of mortality associated with hyponatremia. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis that included the published studies that addressed the effect...

Recent evidence for the clinical significance of postoperative hyponatremia after urologic surgeries remains scarce. We examined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of electrolyte imbalance in urologic surgery. Patients with newly developed hyponatremia, defined as a sodium level lower than 135 mEq/L within 7 days after surgery, were included in our study group. The primary outcome was pr...

B rain injury is the main result of acute symptomatic hyponatremia, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (1,2). The symptoms of hyponatremic encephalopathy primarily result from cerebral edema, which is caused by an influx of water into the brain down a concentration gradient (2). Patients at high risk for this complication include postoperative patients, young female i...

Background: Several studies have shown that hyponatremia is associated with increased risk of rehospitalization and death in patients with heart failure. In these studies, chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with persistent hyponatremia were compared only with CHF patients with a normal sodium level at hospital admission. Aims: In the present retrospective study, conducted in a cohort of patie...

Hyponatremia occurs when the serum sodium level is below 135 mmol/L. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, confusion, headache, cardiorespiratory symptoms, profound somnolence or coma, and seizures are observed. Iron deficiency anemia can also cause pagophagia, a Pica subspecies. Although it has been emphasized that electrolyte disturbance may develop due to only dearth of cases was reported. ...

(1)Hyponatremia is a known adverse effect of antidepressants. A review of the literature was performed in relation to one case treated in our hospital to identify risk factors and possible psychopharmacologic alternatives. A 57-year old woman with HIV and HCV suffered 4 episodes of severe hyponatremia within 5 months of treatment involving the following drugs: thiazide diuretic, venlafaxine, ci...

Background. Extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) has been well described in the presence of rapid correction of hyponatremia. It is seldom reported with adrenal insufficiency. We report a unique case where a patient developed EPM as a result of adrenal insufficiency where the brain MRI revealed symmetrical lesion in the basal ganglia with pallidal sparing. Case Report. A 30-year-old gentleman with p...

In hyponatremia related to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hypouricemia is explained primarily by the high uric acid clearance rate that results from the decrease in tubular uric acid reabsorption. This modification of tubular handling of uric acid is considered to be induced by the increase in the "effective vascular volume". This study was designed to determine if V1-r...

Hyponatremia is often associated with arginine vasopressin (AVP) dysregulation that is regulated by the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract in response to changes in plasma osmolality, commonly in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Potentially lethal complications of hyponatremia most frequently involve the central nervous system and include anore...

Hyponatremia is relevant to heart failure, liver cirrhosis and stroke, but the prognostic value of serum sodium levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome are still unclear. So we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of hyponatremia on adverse events in patients after ACS. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library to find literatures...