The treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria begins with antihistamines; however, the dose required typically exceeds that recommended for allergic rhinitis. Second-generation, relatively non-sedating H₁-receptor blockers are typically employed up to 4 times a day. First-generation antihistamines, such as hydroxyzine or diphenhydramine (Atarax or Benadryl), were employed similarly in the past...

INTRODUCTION There are many common drugs which have significant sedative-hypnotic properties. Alcohol and barbiturates have been discussed separately in this appendix, and their many pharmacological similarities were indicated. Barbiturates are often considered the prototype of sedative-hypnotic drugs; pharmacologically related compounds are frequently identified or discussed in terms of their ...

Vilaça A, Pimentel T. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-221003 Description A 39-year-old woman, with a medical history of oligofrenia, obesity and varicella at 8 years of age, presented to the emergency department (ED) with multiple skin lesions of upper limb, which began with the appearance of vesicles, associated with intense pain and pruritus and with 3 days of evolution. No fever was ...

Antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergic disease, such as allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema. Although several previous reports describe hypersensitivity to antihistamines such as cetirizine and hydroxyzine, documented cases of chlorpheniramine hypersensitivity are extremely rare. Here, we report the case of a 45-year-old Korean woman who presented with urticaria after inges...

A 43-year-old woman with a medical history significant for hypertension, depression, and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was admitted to the hospital after outpatient laboratory tests showed hyponatremia. Her complaints on admission included blurry vision, nausea, and significant pruritus. Her review of systems was otherwise negative. She declared no family history of hypercholesterolemia or pr...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 3M Electronic Dental Anesthesia (EDA) finger electrode on reducing sedated patient responsiveness during local anesthesia administration. METHODS Thirty patients between the ages of 24 to 48 months, ASA I, and in need of treatment of maxillary anterior teeth using local anesthesia were used in this study. Each of the p...

Abstract Introduction Disturbances in the diurnal sleep-wake cycles are prevalent within geriatric population, consequently increasing development of insomnia. Although insomnia is commonly treated inpatient setting, many pharmacologic interventions classified as potentially inappropriate medications for defined through Beers Criteria; risk adverse events (AEs) this population. Methods A retros...

BACKGROUND Drug name confusion is a common type of medication error and a persistent threat to patient safety. In the USA, roughly one per thousand prescriptions results in the wrong drug being filled, and most of these errors involve drug names that look or sound alike. Prior to approval, drug names undergo a variety of tests to assess their potential for confusability, but none of these preap...

INTRODUCTION Up to one in five people may have generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) at some point, and most have other health problems. Less than half of people have full remission after 5 years. GAD may have a genetic component, and has also been linked to previous psychological or other trauma. METHODS AND OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical ...