The title compound, C(10)H(14)O(5), is an inter-mediate in our study of the asymmetric synthesis of α-hydroxy-alkanoic acids. The structure consists of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane skeleton formed when the cyclohexylidene group binds to both of the hydroxyl groups of carboxylic groups of the starting malic acid. The six-membered ring adopts a chair conformation.

This study was designed to evaluate whether carvacrol (CAR) could provide protection against lung injury by acute pancreatitis development. The rats were randomized into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II) 50 μg/kg cerulein at 1h intervals by four intraperitoneal injections (i.p.); (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p.; and (IV) cerulein+CAR after 2h of cerulein injection. 12h later, s...

Siderophores, high-affinity Fe(III) ligands produced by microorganisms to facilitate iron acquisition, might contribute significantly to dissolved Fe(III) complexation in ocean surface waters. In previous work, we demonstrated the photoreactivity of the ferric ion complexes of several a-hydroxy carboxylic acid–containing siderophores produced by heterotrophic marine bacteria. Here, we expand on...

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a highly reactive lipid aldehyde byproduct of the peroxidation of cellular membranes. The structure of HNE features three functional groups, a C1 aldehyde, a C2==C3 double bond, and a C4- hydroxyl group, each of which may contribute to the toxicity of the compound. In addition, the length of the aliphatic chain may influence toxic potency by altering lipophilicity. ...

Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is a powerful technology for the chemical synthesis of peptides and small proteins. However, access to many targets is often complicated and sometimes precluded by the occurrence of so-called difficult sequences. When encountered during SPPS difficult sequences are associated with a collapse of the swollen resin volume, incomplete acylation and in the case o...

The synthesis and characterization of di-n-butyltin and dimethyltin salicyloxamate, respectively compounds 1 and 2, are reported. Compound 1 is more active than cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide against seven tumoural cell lines of human origin, but less active than methotrexate and doxorubucin. Diorganotin derivatives of salicylic acid and its substituted analogs exhibit antitumour activ...