Understanding the local reaction conditions at catalyst-ionomer interfaces inside of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is vital for improving cell performance and stability. Properties water film distributions protons oxygen molecules interface are affected by state catalyst support surfaces structure ionomer skin layer. In this work, interfacial region between surface simulated using molecular dy...

Photosensitizing agents have been of interest for several decades due to their many catalytic applications. Photosensitizers capable of converting hydronium ions into hydrogen gas have recently become of particular interest as people look for renewable energy sources. Traditionally Ru(II) based complexes have been used for photoinduced hydrogen production, but some recent research indicates tha...

Icosahedral carborane anions such as CHB11Cl11- are amongst the least coordinating, most chemically inert anions known. They are also amongst the least basic, so their conjugate acids, H(carborane), are superacids (i.e. stronger than 100% H2SO4). Acidity scale measurements indicate that H(CHB11Cl11) is the strongest pure Brønsted acid presently known, surpassing triflic and fluorosulfuric acid....

The growth (glucoseand xylose-associated processes) and non-growth-mediated (maintenance energy requirements) characteristics of a metabolically engineered strain of Zymomonas mobilis capable of fermenting both glucose and xylose to ethanol have been investigated in mixed sugar fermentations. Ideally such a microorganism will also tolerate acetic acid and other inhibitory components typically p...

The reaction of carbon dioxide with hydroxide to form carbonate in near-neutral or alkaline medium severely limits the energy and efficiency CO2 electroreduction. Here we show that by suppression otherwise predominant hydrogen evolution using alkali cations, efficient electroreduction can be conducted acidic medium, overcoming problem. cation effects are general for three typical catalysts incl...