Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are known to be produced in aggregated clusters of a few nanometer-sized primary crystalline particles embedded an amorphous carbon matrix exhibiting high degree polydispersity. A commonly accepted mechanism behind DND aggregation is the bridging via oxygen containing functionalities. Here, we provide definitive spectroscopic evidence favor this working by carryin...

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of hydrolysis pretreatment of olive mill (OMW) waste before use as a carbon source in biosurfactant production by fermentation. Three hydrolysis methods were assessed: enzymatic hydrolysis, acid pretreatment plus enzymatic hydrolysis, and acid hydrolysis. Fermentation was carried out using two bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa an...

An adsorption-kinetic model has been proposed to explain -galactosidase stability in a recirculation hollow-fibre bioreactor at different temperature. The kinetic constants of the model and its dependence on temperature have been evaluated. In addition, a study has been made of the influence of lactose and enzyme concentration on lactose hydrolysis with hollow-fibre modules m s a m a ©

This paper shows that the steady state of a system of conjugated reactions, which are characterized by disproportionation of entropy and proceed in the domain of linear interactions, is an attractor of ordering. Such systems are primed to produce ordering, and life is a specific manifestation of the sustained ordering inherent to the chemistry of carbon. The adenosine triphospate (ATP) molecule...

enzymatic hydrolysis of yellowfin tuna visceral protein with neutrase has been carried out by response surface methodology using factorial design. peptide chain length was estimated as the response surface to the hydrolysis conditions (enzyme activity, reaction temperature, and reaction time). the tuna visceral protein hydrolysate had relatively high protein (74.56%) and low lipid content (1.86...

INTRODUCTION .......................................... 235 PROPERTIES OF THE NITROGENASE PROTEINS ................... 237 Fe-Protein ............................................ 238 MoFe-Protein .......................................... 241 Species-Specific Variations in Nitrogenase Proteins ................... 245 GENETICS AND ASSEMBLY OF TIIE NITROGENASE PROTEINS ........ 246 MECHANISM OF N...

This paper reports a solid-state fungal fermentation-based pre-treatment strategy to convert wheat straw into a fermentable hydrolysate. Aspergillus niger was firstly cultured on wheat straw for production of cellulolytic enzymes and then the wheat straw was hydrolyzed by the enzyme solution into a fermentable hydrolysate. The optimum moisture content and three wheat straw modification methods ...

co(ii) and cu(ii) promoted base hydrolysis of 2-cyano, 1, lo-phenanthroline was studied. at 298.2°k, cu(ii) reaction is more efficient (by a factor of 20) than either co(ll) and its analogues ni(ii) in promoting base hydrolysis.

The protein mediated hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates such as ATP or GTP is one of the most important and challenging biochemical reactions in nature. The chemical environment (water structure, catalytic metal, and amino acid residues) adjacent to the hydrolysis site contains hundreds of atoms, usually greatly limiting the amount of the free energy sampling that one can achieve from compu...

Abstract Background Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a promising source of natural by-products which can be used for different purposes. In this work, possible use oligosaccharides isolated from SCG as functional ingredients was investigated. SCGs were treated with an acid hydrolysis at high temperature (200 °C) in closed reactor setting reaction time 30, 60 and 90 s depending on the sample (orig...