[1] Multiple issues in hydrologic and environmental sciences are now squarely in the public focus and require both government and scientific study. Two facts also emerge: (1) The new approach being touted publicly for advancing the hydrologic and environmental sciences is the establishment of community-operated ‘‘big science’’ (observatories, think tanks, community models, and data repositories...

This paper describes techniques used operationally by the National Weather Service (NWS) to prepare gridded multisensor (gauge, radar, and satellite) quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) for input into hydrologic forecast models and decisionmaking systems for river forecasting, flood and flash flood warning, and other hydrologic monitoring purposes. Advanced hydrologic prediction techniq...

Many watershed models used within the hydrologic research community assume (by default) stationary conditions, that is, the key watershed properties that control water flow are considered to be time invariant. This assumption is rather convenient and pragmatic and opens up the wide arsenal of (multivariate) statistical and nonlinear optimization methods for inference of the (temporally fixed) m...

Geographically isolated wetlands (GIW), depressional landscape features entirely surrounded by upland areas, provide a wide range of ecological functions and ecosystem services for humanwell-being. Current and future ecosystem management and decision-making rely on a solid scientific understanding of how hydrologic processes affect these important GIW services and functions, and in turn on how ...

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The prediction uncertainty of a hydrologic model is closely related to model formulation and the uncertainties in model parameters and inputs. Currently, the foremost challenges concern not only whether hydrologic model outputs match observations, but also whether or not model predictions are meaningful and useful in the contexts of land use and climate change. The latter is difficult to determ...

[1] In the past few years sequential data assimilation (SDA) methods have emerged as the best possible method at hand to properly treat all sources of error in hydrological modeling. However, very few studies have actually implemented SDA methods using realistic input error models for precipitation. In this study we use particle filtering as a SDA method to propagate input errors through a conc...

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and land cover products are primary inputs for hydrologic models of surface runoff that affects infiltration, erosion, and evapotranspiration. DEM and land cover play important role in determining the runoff characteristics of specific catchment areas. Recently, at local level, a number of data sources have been used to derive land cover products for high resolut...

Soil moisture is an important hydrologic variable that controls various land surface processes. In spite of its importance to agriculture and drought monitoring, soil moisture information is not widely available on a regional scale. However, long-term soil moisture information is essential for agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield prediction. The hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessm...

Climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) is expected to have important impacts on water resources, with a variety of societal impacts. Recent research has shown that applying different methodologies to assess hydrologic impacts can lead to widely diverging projections of water resources. The authors classify methods of projecting hydrologic impacts of climate change into those...