Zusammenfassung Unter Ökonom:innen ist es inzwischen schon fast eine Binsenweisheit, dass ein robuster CO 2 -Preis „zentrales Instrument“ in der Bekämpfung des Klimawandels sein sollte. Gleichzeitig sind -Preise politisch oft unbeliebt, selbst, wenn gleichzeitig die Bevölkerung eigentlich von Notwendigkeit Klimaschutzes überzeugt ist. Eine zentrale Kritik an hohen -Preisen dabei oft, diese „uns...

Developing scalable infrastructure services for secure multicast communications has been an active research area [1]-[10]. One-way function tree (OFT) [1, 6] is a secure multicast key distribution scheme with logarithmic key update communication overhead in group size N . The OFT scheme has been proposed as a candidate for secure multicast over Internet to the IETF under Multicast Security (MSE...

Hemodynamic conditions play a critical role in embryonic cardiovascular development, and altered blood flow leads to congenital heart defects. Chicken embryos are frequently used as models of cardiac development, with abnormal blood flow achieved through surgical interventions such as outflow tract (OFT) banding, in which a suture is tightened around the heart OFT to restrict blood flow. Bandin...

RATIONALE The development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) and great vessels is a complex process that involves coordinated regulation of multiple progenitor cell populations. Among these populations, neural crest cells make important contributions to OFT formation and aortic arch remodeling. Although numerous signaling pathways, including Notch, have been implicated in this process, the role...

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is expressed in the embryonic heart, cardiac neural crest (CNC) and neural tube, and germline knockout (KO) of Cx43 results in aberrant cardiac outflow tract (OFT) formation and abnormal coronary deployment. Prior studies suggest a vital role for CNC expression of Cx43 in heart development. Surprisingly, we found that conditional knockout (CKO) of Cx43 in the dorsal neural tu...

Although retinoic acid (RA) teratogenicity has been investigated for decades, the mechanisms underlying RA-induced outflow tract (OFT) malformations are not understood. Here, we show zebrafish embryos deficient for Cyp26a1 and Cyp26c1 enzymes, which promote RA degradation, have OFT defects resulting from two mechanisms: first, a failure of second heart field (SHF) progenitors to join the OFT, i...