This article presents a critical analysis of all the major pathways to produce hydrogen and to utilize it as an energy carrier to generate heat or electricity. The approach taken is to make a cradle to grave analysis including the production of hydrogen, the conversion of hydrogen to heat or electricity, and finally the utilization of that heat or electricity for a useful purpose. This methodol...

Alcohol concentration dependences of photoinduced charge separation (CS) reaction of zinc tetraphenyl-porphyrin (ZnTPP) and duroquinone (DQ) were investigated in benzonitrile by a nanosecond laser flash photolysis technique. The photoinduced CS reaction was accelerated by the addition of alcohols, whereas the addition of acetonitrile caused little effect on the CS reactions. The simple theory w...

Based on an Atoms-in-Molecules (AIM) analysis, Matta et al. recently claimed evidence for the existence of hydrogen-hydrogen bonding between ortho-hydrogen atoms, pointing towards each other from adjacent phenyl groups in planar biphenyl. This AIM result is opposed to the classical view that nonbonded steric repulsion between the ortho-hydrogen atoms is responsible for the higher energy of the ...

Hydrogen gas has tremendous potential as an environmentally acceptable energy carrier for vehicles, but most hydrogen is generated from nonrenewable fossil fuels such as natural gas. Here, we show that efficient and sustainable hydrogen production is possible from any type of biodegradable organic matter by electrohydrogenesis. In this process, protons and electrons released by exoelectrogenic ...

Some of the principal arguments in the debate about environmental citizenship are examined with reference to the development of hydrogen energy systems. In particular, qualitative evidence is drawn from a study of public attitudes towards hydrogen energy technologies and their perceived risks and benefits. Using data from focus groups in three areas of the UK, it is argued that while there is a...

*Correspondence: J. N. Chung, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA e-mail: [email protected] Two concept systems that are based on the thermochemical process of high temperature steam gasification of lignocellulosic biomass and municipal solid waste are introduced.The primary objectives of the concept systems are (1) to develop the ...

2 Summary Hydrogen has the potential to provide a clean, storable, transportable and renewable source of energy that can meet the need for power throughout the world. Biological production of hydrogen, especially by photosynthetic microorganisms that use sunlight for energy, provides a renewable source of hydrogen for fuel cells. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria can produce hydrogen in an aerobic ...

Using first principles theory based on density functional formulation we have studied the energetics and thermal stability of storing hydrogen in B-N-based nanostructures. We show that hydrogen molecule enters through the hexagonal face of the B36N36 cage and prefers to remain inside the cage in molecular form. The energy barriers for the hydrogen molecule to enter into or escape from the cage ...

Durable, location independent, environmental-friendly sources of energy which allow for modular, few moving parts, low operating noise, high electricity generation efficiency and compact technology are highly desirable. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are promising for such energy system development, since they are energy efficient and, if pure hydrogen is used, have virtually no emissions of gre...

The H nuclear quadrupole interaction parameters, 2 and , are closely related to the shape of the potential energy surface at hydrogen bonds and depend sensitively on their geometry. We measured the temperature dependence of the H NMR spectra of the crystalline acidic salts KDCO3, KD acetylenedicarboxylate, RbD acetylenedicarboxylate, and KD maleate, which contain very short O-D O type hydrogen ...