We theoretically investigate the effect of fabrication-related disorders on subwavelength metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguides. We use a Monte Carlo method to calculate the roughness-induced excess attenuation coefficient with respect to a smooth waveguide. For small roughness height, the excess optical power loss due to disorder is small compared to the material loss in a smooth wavegui...

Hydraulic calculations and mathematical modelling of open flows in river channels keep still being among the most topical hydro-engineering today’s problems terms practice. While solving them, independently on research topic purpose, methods used, a number simplifications assumptions are usually accepted applied. Moreover, there is range methodological, structural, parametric uncertainties, whi...

Micro flexible rolling aims to fabricate submillimeter thick strips with varying thickness profile, where the surface quality of products is mainly determined by initial workpiece surface roughness and subsequent surface asperity flattening process, which is affected by process parameters during rolling. This paper shows a 3D finite element model for flexible rolling of a 250 μm thick workpiece...

This paper presents a technique for measuring surface roughness (Ra), using photometric stereo method. The method utilizes three or more images of the measured surface from the same viewpoint, taken sequentially under different illumination conditions. The scenes captured by the camera were reconstructed by the least square method to obtain surface normal from surface topography. Three-dimensio...

There are two types of mean flow velocity formulas for pipes, the Darcy-Weisbach equation and Hazen-Williams equation. In process deriving from equation, it was clarified that friction loss coefficient f is expressed by exponential function ＝ aRe-b. Next, C obtained eliminating effect Reynolds number Re. It confirmed only constant a remained in there almost no influence water temperature viscos...

Plasma lipoproteins are thought to transport cholesterol, vitamins and carotenoids to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for ultimate use by the photoreceptors. However, to reach the RPE, these lipoprotein particles must cross Bruch's membrane. We examined the reflection coefficient of Bruch's membrane (BrM) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Bruch's membrane and choroid were removed from 47 b...

The paper presents recommendations for using the results obtained in sediment transport simulation and modeling of channel deformations rivers. This work relates to issues empirical water flow characteristics natural riverbeds with a movable bottom (alluvial channels) which are extremely complex. study shows that calculation rivers, it is expedient use dependences Chézy’s coefficient assessing ...

throughout history dams have been important structures in water storage. to avoid overtopping, damage, and or failure of a dam, adequate spillway is needed to release excess water from upstream floods. researchers found that spillways have to be made nonlinear in order to reach an economic structure with high performance. a piano key weir is one of the best solutions. piano key weirs are the mo...

a down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor has been developed for sewage treatment, mainly in developing countries. this novel reactor employs polyurethane sponge material as a support medium, which promises a proliferation of a large amount of biomass, offering excellent pollutant removal capability. three types of sponge medium were evaluated with respect to water distribution and oxygen mass t...

Hydrophobic surfaces with microscale roughness can be rendered ultrahydrophobic by the addition of sub-micron-scale roughness. A simple yet highly effective concept of fabricating hierarchical structured surfaces using a single-step deep reactive ion etch process is proposed. Using this method the complexities generally associated with the fabrication of two-tier roughness structures are elimin...