Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process and new analytical methods provide substantial power to detect and quantify it. In this study we use variation in the frequency of 657 AFLP fragments and DNA sequence variation from 15 genes to measure the extent of admixture and the direction of interspecific gene flow among three Heliconius butterfly species that diverged recent...

1. Semantics: a serendipitous chaos The current uptake of " semantic technologies " requires an effort to design some in-teroperability for the representation practices among fields as diverse as knowledge representation and reasoning (KR), lexical semantics, information extraction, databases , (semantic) Web standards, Web 2.0 folksonomies, etc. Multilingual linguistic elements, ontologies, an...

Language models (LMs) are statistical models that calculate probabilities over sequences of words or other discrete symbols. Currently two major paradigms for language modeling exist: count-based n-gram models, which have advantages of scalability and test-time speed, and neural LMs, which often achieve superior modeling performance. We demonstrate how both varieties of models can be unified in...

Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. We evaluate how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness (time of emergence and propor...

In this paper we present a novel method for blindly separating unobservable independent component signals from their linear mixtures, using genetic algorithms (GA) to minimize the nonconvex and nonlinear cost functions. This approach is very useful in many fields such as forecasting indexes in financial stock markets where the search for independent components is the major task to include exoge...

Collagen, the major structural component of nearly all mammalian tissues, undergoes extensive proteolytic remodeling during developmental states and a variety of life-threatening diseases such as cancer, myocardial infarction, and fibrosis. While degraded collagen could be an important marker of tissue damage, it is difficult to detect and target using conventional tools. Here, we show that a d...

With two-dimensional restriction enzyme analysis we have been able to cleave the Bacillus subtilis genome and resolve the resulting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) segments into discrete bands on agarose gels. A general procedure for gene purification has been developed by coupling multidimensional restriction analysis with a biological assay for gene detection. The organization of ribosomal ribonu...

A cDNA clone of about 2500 base pairs was prepared from the human osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS by hybridizing with a v-sis probe. Sequence analysis showed that this cDNA contains the coding region for the PDGF-B chain. It is discussed that the mitogen secreted by these osteosarcoma cells contains the PDGF-B chain and is probably a homodimer of two B-chains.

We develop a formal system dealing ‘spatially’ with certain aspects of uniformity and control during knowledge acquisition. To this end, we study an appropriate modality, which is essentially due to Baskent, against the background of dynamic epistemic logic. The new connective turns out to be rather complex, but hybridizing the source language enables us to prove some of the desired fundamental...

Synthetic DNA oligonucleotides can direct the exchange of single nucleotides within coding regions of mammalian genes by hybridizing to their complementary sequence in the chromosome and creating a recombination joint structure with a single mismatched base pair. Inherent DNA repair processes recognize the mismatch and resolve it using the DNA sequence of the oligonucleotide vector as the templ...