Hybrid electric vehicles employ a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system together to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. In this paper an integrated braking system is proposed for an electric hybrid vehicle that include a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system which is functionally connected to an electric traction motor. In the ...

Based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. However, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. To resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...

Hybrid systems combine discrete and continuous behavior. We study properties of trajectories of a rectangular hybrid system in which the discrete state goes through a loop. This system is viable if there exists an innnite trajectory starting from some state. We show that the system is viable if and only if it has a limit cycle or xed point. The set of xed points is a polyhedron. The viability k...

Due to the enormous development of large vocabulary, speaker-independent continuous speech recognition systems, which occur essentially for the US English language, there is a large demand of this kind of systems for other languages. In this paper we present the work done in the development of a large vocabulary, speaker-independent continuous speech recognition hybrid system for the European P...

The reachability problem as well as the computation of the phase portrait for the class of planar hybrid systems defined by constant differential inclusions (SPDI), has been shown to be decidable. The existing reachability algorithm is based on the exploitation of topological properties of the plane which are used to accelerate certain kind of cycles. The complexity of the algorithm makes the a...

In this study, a control strategy for the series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) powertrain, based on the design of fixed-boundary-layer sliding mode controllers (FBLSMCs) and a battery charge scenario, is presented to enhance engine efficiency as well as extend battery cycle life. An appropriate battery charge scenario is designed to remove surge charge current, keep the battery staying in a hi...

In this paper, we introduce some analysis tools for switched and hybrid systems. We first present work on stability analysis. We introduce multiple Lyapunov functions as a tool for analyzing Lyapunov stability and use iterated function systems (IFS) theory as a tool for Lagrange stability. We also discuss the case where the switched systems are indexed by an arbitrary compact set. Finally, we e...

Puberty in Zebu heifers follows a pattern characterized by a decrease in the steroid feedback mechanism and an increase in LH concentration, which result in the first ovulation followed by a short estrous cycle and the onset of normal cycles thereafter. These events are similar to those observed in Bos taurus cattle but occur at a later age. The late onset of puberty is both genetic and environ...

Armoring shorelines to prevent erosion is a long-standing global practice that has well-documented adverse effects on coastal habitats and organisms. A relatively new form of shoreline protection, referred to as hybrid stabilization, incorporates created marsh in combination with a stabilizing structure such as a low-profile stone sill and is being implemented in many US coastal states as a mea...

Membrane clogging is a major obstacle to the successful operation of the membrane separation process. A submerged hollow fibre membrane with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption (adsorption-membrane hybrid system) was used for the removal of organics from a synthetic wastewater representative of biologically treated sewage e.fJluent. PAC usage successfully adsorbs the majority of the orga...