A model of the humoral immune response, proposed by Dibrov, Livshits and Volkenstein (1977b), in which the antibody production by a constant target cell population depends on the antigenic stimulation at earlier times, is considered from an analytic standpoint. A method of approximation based on a consideration of the asymptotic limit of "large" delay in the antibody response is shown to be app...

One way to confront chemical warfare in order to reduce their harmful effects, is to use the body's defense mechanisms. In order to do so firstly mustard gas (HD) was injected in an animal model in the form of an immunogen and the induced humoral immune response was investigated by two different immunological methods such as the Ouchterlony test and a new liquid phase fluoroimmunoassay. 7l...

Background: Immunisation remains critical in prevention of serious COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to characterise the prevalence humoral and cellular immunity patients on maintenance dialysis a nephrology centre 8 months after vaccination onset. Methods: Real-world single-centre cross-sectional enrolling peritoneal haemodialysis. Humoral response was measured as specific IgG (anti-spike p...

This work presents a mathematical model to investigate the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The infection dynamics and emphasizes role immune system: both humoral response as well adaptive response. We built delay differential equations describing simplified view mechanism between COVID-19 virus system. conduct an analysis exploring different scenarios, our num...

Propoxure (PPX) is a well-known carbamate insecticide, which has been used for several decades in the world and Iran in agriculture and public health programs. However, there is no clear investigation toward its immunotoxicity as yet. In this study, we examined the effects of subchronic i.p. exposure of PPX on humoral (PFC & HA) and cellular (DTH) responses, and also monitored T-Cell subtypes u...