In order to explore the impacts of various factors on air route connection, a probability model is constructed to simulate the Chinese airline network (CAN) in 2010, and the influences of tertiary industry output, degree and the spatial distance between two navigable cities on the analog results are discussed. Our research shows that, the opening of an air route is not completely determined by ...

Being aimed at the influence of ship-size and cargo-demand changes on container shipping networks, to reveal the evolution process of container shipping networks structure form, this paper respectively designed the operation models for two major container shipping networks structure forms: Multi-port-calling network and Hub-and-spoke network, to maximizing the investment efficiency. Based on th...

OBJECTIVES To quantify geographical concentration of falciparum malaria cases in the UK at a hospital level. To assess potential delay-to-treatment associated with hub-and-spoke distribution of artesunate in severe cases. DESIGN Observational study using national and hospital data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 3520 patients notified to the Malaria Reference Laboratory 2008-2010, 34 patients tre...

The proliferation of preferential trade agreements in Asia may result in a number of hub and spoke configures with Japan, China and ASEAN compete as regional hub of bilateral FTAs. Using a newly developed global CGE model with imperfect competition, increasing return to scale and heterogeneous firm, we explore the potential economic effects of alternative hub and spoke configurations in Asia. T...

While maritime transport ensures about 90% of world trade volumes, it has not yet attracted as much attention as other transport systems from a graph perspective. As a result, the relative situation and the evolution of seaports within maritime networks are not well understood. This paper wishes verifying to what extent the hub-and-spoke strategies of ports and ocean carriers have modified the ...

Hub-and-spoke (HS) network designs arise in transportation and telecommunications systems, where items must flow among spatially separate nodes and scale economies can be attained through the shared use of high capacity links between hubs. As an alternative for the discrete approach of selecting a subset of the existing nodes as hubs, this paper explores the possibility of their continuous loca...

Background The Lablite project captured information on access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) at larger health facilities ('hubs') and lower-level health facilities ('spokes') in Phalombe district, Malawi and in Kalungu district, Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among patients who had transferred to a spoke after treatment initiation (Malawi, n=54; Uganda, n=33), patients...

Built upon a wealth of neuroimaging, neurostimulation, and neuropsychology data, a recent proposal set forth a framework termed controlled semantic cognition (CSC) to account for how the brain underpins the ability to flexibly use semantic knowledge (Lambon Ralph et al., 2017; Nature Reviews Neuroscience). In CSC, the 'semantic control' system, underpinned predominantly by the prefrontal cortex...