Introduction All nations are striving for development. Economic development is one of the main parts of development process, but not all of it. Populations health is one of the main factors of economic development, and child’s mortality is one of the main factors of population health status. The aim of this study is investigating the role of socioeconomic disparties in under 5 mortality in East...

Khazarprovide Iran with an excellent geopolitical position, while Iran's "antdomination policy" not only deprive it from these privileges but alsobring some serious security challenges for it. U.S. engagement in vasteconomic, military and political undertakings in this region is one of majorthreat for Iran's vital interests. I'm going to argue here that majordifficulty in the way of consisting ...

While many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Health organization (WHO), uniquely the World Bank in its 2015 World Development Report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. Here, we describe the World Bank’s study design, including experiments ...

Neuropathic pain is a complication of inflammation, infection or some diseases such as diabetes. Opioids are used as a salvage therapy for neuropathic pain but tolerance restricts their use. In our previous study we have observed an increase of Nitric Oxide in diabetes and in morphine tolerance. This study was performed to clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, and cationic ...

  Background: Orthopaedic surgeons have a pivotal role in transitioning the care of orthopedic patients from a biomedical to a biopsychosocial model. In an effort to foster this transition, we designed a study aimed to determine surgeons’ attitudes and practice of noticing, screening, discussing psychological illness with patients, as well as making referrals to address psychosocial issues in ...

The first pandemic of the coronavirus family was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) in late 2019. As a result of the pandemic critical condition, specialized orthopedic services were obviouslyaffected. To respond properly, we initiated a series of strategic measures, aiming at the safety of staff, minimizing theexposure, and prevention of pos...

Background Down syndrome screening at first-trimester may cause a higher false positive rate in pregnant patients who have undergone assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Combining the second largest series of biophysical and biochemical tests in the first trimester of pregnancy after ART is mentioned in few studies. MaterialsAndMethods Ghisoni et al explored that NT measurement between ART...

purpose: throughout the concrete operational stage children gradually become socialized. this is the result of the reduction in egocentrism and the increase in decentralization and personal identity. piaget believes that both the manipulation of concrete objects and interaction with people can form an active experience while facilitating children socialization. this results in their cognitive d...