Most preclinical pain models rely on short-duration stimulus-evoked hind paw measurements even though chronic pain is usually a day and night experience. Pain is a debilitating condition that influences the sociability and the ability for voluntary tasks, but the relevant behavioral readouts for these aspects are mostly underrepresented in the literature. Moreover, we lack standardization in mo...

OBJECTIVES We quantified the economic cost of selected environmental factors among North Carolina children living in substandard housing. METHODS We gathered data on direct medical care costs for specific childhood medical conditions associated with environmental factors commonly found in substandard housing. Medical claims data for 2006 and 2007 were obtained from BlueCross BlueShield of Nor...

Pigs are confronted with changes in farming practices that may affect performance and animal well-being. The sanitary conditions of the farm can have an impact on the ability of pigs to adapt to these changes. This study aimed to analyse how weaned pigs respond to common farming practices of changes in diet and housing in terms of performance, health and behaviour, and how these responses are a...

workers are called, are all voluntary and committed to give up to two years of their life to this work. They get ?1 a week pocket money, two ounces of tobacco and board and lodging, none too luxurious, for the privilege of joining this 'Mission to the Misfit.' They raise money by running an old clothes stall, beg for food, pick up fruit and vegetables that fall off trucks and trolleys in Covent...

This paper seeks to determine how demographic and non-demographic factors have contributed to past changes in Canada’s real housing prices as well as their possible impact over the next twenty years. To this goal, we estimate with annual data from 1956 to1997 a structural model of the Canadian housing market. This model possesses two important long-run properties, that is, the longrun supply cu...

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of first lactation sows of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 sows, from a previous experiment on nutrition during gilt rearing, were allocated according to a factorial design with 2 levels of nutrition, 60 or 80% of the calculated lactation requirement, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The mean...

In this paper, aimed as a background for further research, the author examines the effect of urbanisation on housing for the low income earners in Kampala. The author discusses Kampala’s housing environment by looking at low-income earners’ access to housing in the city under conditions of rapid population rise, growing housing demand, rising land prices and growing poverty. Findings show that ...

We estimate a structural model of optimal life-cycle housing and consumption in the presence of realistic labor income and house price uncertainties. The model postulates constant elasticity of substitution between housing service and nonhousing consumption, and explicitly incorporates a house adjustment cost. Our estimation fits the crosssectional and time-series household wealth and housing p...

We use a user-cost model to study how dispersed information among housing market participants a¤ects the equilibrium house price. In the model, agents consume housing services, speculate on price changes and are disparately informed about local economic conditions. Information dispersion leads agent to form heterogeneous expectations about housing demand and prices. Optimists, who expect high h...