Back-focal-plane detection of micrometer-sized beads offers subnanometer resolution for single-molecule, optical trapping experiments. However, laser beam-pointing instability and mechanical drift of the microscope limit the resolution of optical-trapping experiments. By combining two infrared lasers with improved differential beam-pointing stability (< or = 0.05 microrad), we simultaneously me...

The early history of a carbon particle is studied as it is suddenly injected into a hot oxidizing atmosphere. In this early phase, a high Reynolds number approach is appropriate. Five stages characterize the processes: (I) inert stage, (2) transition stage (ignition of the heterogeneous reaction), (3) heterogeneous diffusion controlled stage, (4) homogeneous ignition, and (5) overall diffusion-...

We developed a label-free nonlinear optical (NLO) microscope integrating the stimulated Raman scattering, multi-color two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. The system produces multimodal images of protein content, mitochondria distribution and sarcomere structure of fresh muscle samples. With the advanced imaging technique, we studied the mal-development of skeletal mu...

An atomic force microscope capable of obtaining images in less than 20 ms is presented. By utilizing a microresonator as a scan stage, and through the implementation of a passive mechanical feedback loop with a bandwidth of more than 2 MHz, a 1000-fold increase in image acquisition rate relative to a conventional atomic force microscope is obtained. This has allowed images of soft crystalline a...

1. General Procedures and Materials General Procedures. 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were obtained on a JEOL JNMECX400 at 400 and 100 MHz in DMSO, respectively. Chemical shifts of 1 H and 13 C NMR signals were quoted to (CH3)4Si (δ = 0.00) and DMSO (δ = 39.5) as internal standards, respectively. Elemental analyses were carried out on an Elementar Analytical vario EL3. The viscosity of amino aci...

Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth with pure oxylipins resulted in root waving, loss of root apical dominance, and decreased root elongation. 9-Hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid (9-HOT) was a potent inducer of root waving. Studies with noxy2 (for nonresponding to oxylipins2), a new 9-HOT-insensitive mutant, and coronatine insensitive1-1 (jasmonate-insensitive) revealed at least three signaling cas...

Pistachio green kernel, is obtained by removing the red testa of around the whole kernel. In this study, the suitable peeling conditions for removing the testa of the kernel were determined using hot water in five termperature levels of 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95°C and diffetent hot water immersion times of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes in riped and unripe samples. Quality factors including the number...

The problem of flowability in a closed forging process for heavy equipment industry is still widely found and this may affect the quality resulting product. To obtain solution problem, work, effect heating temperature die insert draft angle on characteristic hot forged SCM435 steel used undercarriage track roller has been examined. workpieces were heated at variations 1150 °C, 1200 1250 °C angl...

The research on the developmental characteristics and evolution process of pores in dolomite reservoirs is a hot spot petroleum geology. In this paper, taking Longwangmiao Formation Gaoshiti area as an example, differential distribution pore parameters have been systematically studied combined with downhole cores, logging, cast thin sections, scanning electron microscope data. We used statistic...

An automatic microscope system is designed to study the response of sperm motility to an annular laser trap. A continuous annular laser trap provides a parallel way to analyze and sort sperm based on their motility and to study the effects of laser radiation, optical force and external obstacles. In the described automatic microscope system, the phase contrast images of swimming sperm are digit...