this paper, largely motivated by hoey (2001), revisits the issue of written discourse analysis and, in particular, the problem-solution pattern. much discussion embarrasses the way in which texts are pro-duced and understood. the different functional approaches include halliday and hasan’s approach, van dijk’s process-oriented approach, the procedural approach of de beaugrande and dressler, and...

abstractthis study examined the effect of two types of feedback, post-text as a written feedback and recast as an oral one on written grammatical accuracy of iranian intermediate efl learners. to this end, 45 intermediate students who were studying at ideal language institute in sari were selected based on their performance on the nelson proficiency test, and then divided into three groups (two...

background & aim :lack of adherence to prescribed medication is a main concern in medicine especially in chronic diseases. the aim of present study was to determine the effect of supportive text message on the adherence to treatment of depression. methods & materials : this quasi-experimental study was conducted on sixty eligible patients with diagnosis of depression who referred to a psychiatr...

to investigate the effects of different glossing conventions on vocabulary recognition and recall, 158 participants were given a pre-test to make sure that they did not have any prior knowledge of the target words. reading passages with four different glossing conventions (interlinear, marginal, pre-text, and post-text) were given to eight groups. four groups received interlingual glosses and f...

hapax legomenon (pl. hapax legomena; sometimes abbreviated to hapax, pl. hapaxes), is a word that occurs only once within a context, either in the written record of an entire language, in the works of an author, or in a single text. the related terms, dis legomenon, tris legomenon, and tetrakis legomenon respectively refer to double, triple, or quadruple occurrences, but are far less commonly u...

the mathematical treatises known as ta?r?r al-mutawassi??t, “revision of the middle books”, are a collection of greek and arabic treatises which were re-edited by na??r al-d?n al-??s?. this paper explores the nature of the editorial work ??s? did, showing that it is not a simple rendering of the original text but that it involves major revisions and in fact original additions. for the first tim...