Electrode recordings and imaging studies have revealed that localized visual stimuli elicit waves of activity that travel across primary visual cortex. Traveling waves are present also during spontaneous activity, but they can be greatly reduced by widespread and intensive visual stimulation. In this Review, we summarize the evidence in favor of these traveling waves. We suggest that their subs...

Horizontal gene transfer allows rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes1, which in bacteria inhabiting natural aquatic systems occurs by conjugation, transduction, and transformation2. Natural genetic transformation is characterized by the uptake of free DNA by a recipient bacterium, its chromosomal integration or extrachromosomal stabilization, and its expression, which leads to a new phen...

A horizontal layer containing a miscible mixture of two fluids can produce dissipative solitons when heated from below. The physics of the system is described, and dissipative solitons are computed using numerical continuation for three distinct sets of experimentally realizable parameter values. The stability of the solutions is investigated using direct numerical integration in time and relat...

Horizontal integration of access technologies to networks and services should be accompanied by some kind of convergence of authentication technologies. The missing link for the federation of user identities across the technological boundaries separating authentication methods can be provided by trusted computing platforms. The concept of establishing transitive trust by trusted computing enabl...

To better understand how elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) use negative buoyancy to reduce energy metabolism and prolong dive duration, we modelled the energetic cost of transit and deep foraging dives in an elephant seal. A numerical integration technique was used to model the effects of swim speed, descent and ascent angles, and modes of locomotion (i.e. stroking and gliding) on diving...

Inertial sensors such as seismometers, geophones, and accelerometers cannot distinguish horizontal motion from tilt motion. Rotation measurements can be used to subtract the tilt component from horizontal measurements, but the noise in the tilt sensor is often a limiting factor. No mechanism can change the dual sensitivity of inertial sensors to tilt and translation, but the transmission of gro...

Ocular following responses (OFRs) are the initial tracking eye movements elicited at ultra-short latency by sudden motion of a textured pattern. We wished to evaluate quantitatively the impact that subcortical stages of visual processing might have on the OFRs. In three experiments we recorded the OFRs of human subjects to brief horizontal motion of 1D vertical sine-wave gratings restricted to ...

Deep displacement observation is one basic means of landslide dynamic study and early warning monitoring and a key part of engineering geological investigation. In our previous work, we proposed a novel electromagnetic induction-based deep displacement sensor (I-type) to predict deep horizontal displacement and a theoretical model called equation-based equivalent loop approach (EELA) to describ...