We hypothesised that Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) can be used to predict drug-nail affinities. Our aims were to: (i) determine the HSPs (δD, δP, δH) of the nail plate, the hoof membrane (a model for the nail plate), and of the drugs terbinafine HCl, amorolfine HCl, ciclopirox olamine and efinaconazole, by measuring their swelling/solubility in organic liquids, (ii) predict nail-drug inte...

To explore how hoof pathologies affect the gait of dairy cattle, we studied gait profiles of cows with no visible injuries (n = 17), sole lesions (n = 14), and sole ulcers (n = 7). Video recordings of dairy cows were digitized using motion analysis software to calculate 6 stride variables for each hoof. Compared with cows with sole ulcers, healthy cows walked faster (1.11 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.90 +/- ...

For the rapid and accurate identification of cow reproduction and healthy behavior from mass surveillance video, in this study, 400 head of young cows and lactating cows were taken as the research object and analyzed cow behavior from the dairy activity area and milk hall ramp. The method of object recognition based on image entropy was proposed, aiming at the identification of motional cow obj...

The equine laminar junction plays a vital role in transferring the forces of weight-bearing between the epidermal hoof wall and the bone of the third phalanx, but the way in which it performs this function is poorly understood. Using samples from sites varying proximodistally and circumferentially around the hoof, the stress/strain behaviour of this tissue was characterised in three directions:...

Introduction Laminitis is an inflammation of the laminar corium of the hoof wall. In general, the term laminitis is used to describe a systemic disease affecting not only the hooves, but also the general condition of the animal. Researchers believe the inflammation is primarily associated with a dysfunction of the digital vasculatory system that results in hypoxia and malnutrition of the sensit...

among the major stressors in poultry that cause suffering and death of chickens. Beak trimming, removal of 1/3 to 1/2 of the beak, is a routine husbandry procedure practiced in the poultry industry, including laying hens, broiler breeders, turkey and ducks, to prevent those undesirable behaviors. However, beak trimming is a painful procedure. There is a considerable body of morphological, neuro...

We demonstrated a vertically coupled microring resonator (VCMRR) filter as an Add/Drop wavelength filter. However, the accuracy of center wavelength was not sufficiently high for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. Thus, a UV trimming technique using a SiN (n=2.01 at λ=1.55 μm) ring core was previously developed. Although a wide center wavelength trimming range of −12.1 nm an...

Trimmed Linear moments (TL-moments) are natural generalization of Lmoments that do not require the mean of the underlying distribution to exist. It is known that the sample TL-moments is unbiased estimators to corresponding population TL-moment. Since different choices for the amount of trimming give different variances for the estimators it is important to choose the estimator that has less va...

Recent work introduced an effective method for extraction of reduced unsatisfiable cores of CNF formulas as a by-product of validation of clausal proofs emitted by conflict-driven clause learning SAT solvers. In this paper, we demonstrate that this method for trimming CNF formulas can also benefit state-of-the-art tools for the computation of a Minimal Unsatisfiable Subformula (MUS). Furthermor...