The extent to which spatial constraints influence rates and pathways in catalysis depends on the structure of intermediates, transition states, and active sites involved. We aim to answer, as we seek insights into catalytic mechanisms and site requirements, persistent questions about the potential for controlling rates and selectivities by rational design of spatial constraints around active si...

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) enhances phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SP-A1 and SP-A2 encode human (h) SP-A; SP-A2 products enhance phagocytosis more than SP-A1. Oxidation can affect SP-A function. We hypothesized that in vivo and in vitro ozone-induced oxidation of SP-A (as assessed by its carbonylation level) negatively affects its function in phagocytosis (as assessed by bacteria cell...

The consistency of the constraint with the evolution equations for spatially inhomogeneous and irrotational silent (SIIS) models of Petrov type I, demands that the former are preserved along the timelike congruence represented by the velocity of the dust fluid, leading to new non-trivial constraints. This fact has been used to conjecture that the resulting models correspond to the spatially hom...

Abstract The traditional economy based on carbon‐intensive fuels and materials has led to an exponential rise in anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Outpacing the natural carbon cycle, atmospheric levels increased by 50 % since pre‐industrial age can be directly linked global warming. Being at core of proposed methanol pioneered late George A. Olah, chemical recycling produce methanol, a green fuel f...

Oxidative modifications of enzymes and structural proteins play a significant role in the aetiology and/or progression of several human diseases. Protein carbonyl content is the most general and well-used biomarker of severe oxidative protein damage. Human diseases associated with protein carbonylation include Alzheimer's disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal failure, diabetes and sepsis...

α-Oxoaldehydes, which are produced in higher quantities in diabetes, uremia, oxidative stress, inflammation and aging, react with the amino, guanidine and thiol groups of proteins and cause the formation of advanced glycated end-products and protein cross-linking. To prevent these reactions, the efficiency of low molecular mass thiols with an α-amino-β-mercapto-ethane group (Cys, penicillamine ...

The simultaneous combination of steady state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) with diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and mass spectrometric (MS) analysis was applied to study the oxidative carbonylation of methanol (MeOH) to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) on a CuY zeolite catalyst prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation of commercial zeolite NH(4)-Y. The inter...