BACKGROUND Insulin resistance, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has become a leading nutrition problem. Inorganic nitrate enriched in spinach has been demonstrated to reverse the pathological features of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of a direct intake of nitrate-enriched spinach on insulin resistance an...

BACKGROUND This study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of the whey protein isolate (WPI) of high purity and a galactooligosaccharides (GOS) preparation on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD) (45.47% energy from fat) fed conditions in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (enzyme-linked immunosor...

background: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. oral administration of symbiotic and vitamin e has been proposed as an effective treatment in nafld patients. this study was carried out to assess the effects of symbiotic and/or vitamin e supplementation on liver enzymes, leptin, lipid profile, and some parameters of insulin resistance (...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MTNR1B (rs10830963), G6PC2 (rs560887), and GCK (rs4607517) were genotyped in 2,025 healthy European children aged 9–11 and 14–16 years. Associations with fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA-B were investigated along with those observed for type 2 diabetes variants available ...

It is well known that abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance are highly prevalent in patients receiving maintenance treatment with antipsychotics, but there is limited knowledge about the association between cardiovascular risk factors and treatment with antipsychotic drugs. In this naturalistic study we investigated a sample of 809 antipsychotic-treated patients from Swedish p...

WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) (fa/fa) rats have been identified as a new animal model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as they are characterized by impaired pancreatic insulin secretion and severe insulin resistance. Our previous study demonstrated impaired insulin secretion and its involvement in hyperglycemia in fa/fa rats. The present study was aimed at elucidating the role of insulin resistance in the develop...

OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a recently discovered peptide, which is produced primarily in the stomach. This orexigenic peptide participates not only in the induction of mealtime hunger but also in long-term body weight regulation and energy homeostasis. Adiponectin is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and has been proposed to mediate obesity-related insulin resistance. Moreover, concentrations of adip...