BACKGROUND/AIMS High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein belonging to the class of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, which activates innate immunity and powerful inflammatory factors. The aim of this review is to show the importance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of nasal inflammatory diseases and to suggest that inhibition of HMGB1 may be an innovative therapeutic target. ME...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mediates pain although the mechanisms are not well understood. Urothelial activation of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) results in urothelial MIF release, urothelial high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release and bladder pain in mice without bladder inflammation. All three effects are prevented by MIF inhibition while intravesical disulfide HMGB1...

Cerebral ischemic postconditioning (IPOC) has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to determine whether IPOC could inhibit autophagy and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in a PC12 cell oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model. An 8 h OGD and 24 h reperfusion cellular model was developed to mimic cerebr...

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear factor released extracellularly as an inflammatory cytokine, is an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 activation mediates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but whether HMGB1 contributes to IRI is unknown. Here, treating wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibody protected them against kidney IRI, evidenced by lo...

Autophagy, a tightly regulated lysosome-dependent catabolic pathway, is implicated in various pathological states in the nervous system. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory mediator known to be released into the local microenvironment from damaged cells. However, whether autophagy is induced and exogenous HMGB1 is involved in the process of spinal root avulsion remain unclear. ...

BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation. Acute liver failure (ALF) has been shown to trigger systemic inflammation in clinical and animal studies. To evaluate the possibility of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in ALF, we determined whether HMGB1 is released in hepatocytes and end organ in patients with liver failure/injury. METHODS HepG2...

High mobility group box 1(HMGB1), originally described as a DNA-binding protein, can also be released extracellularly and functions as a late mediator of inflammatory responses. Although recent reports indicated that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), as well as Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), were involved in cellular activation by HMGB1, there has been little evidenc...

UNLABELLED High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, is a critical cytokine that mediates the response to infection, injury, and inflammation. The aim of our study was to elaborate a reliable in vitro model to investigate whether Mycobacterium bovis BCG is able to induce HMGB1 secretion from the monocytic U-937 cells. Western blot technique was applied for the detection of H...

Background Earlier it was believed that uterine fluid (UF) or secretions are not relevant after the embryo implantation in humans. However, recent reports suggest that uterine secretions continue to play important role till the first trimester of human pregnancy. Evidences also suggest that uf mirrors endometrial functions or dysfunctions. Considering the relevance of uf in endometrial function...

The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been demonstrated in stroke and coronary artery disease but not in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The pathogenesis of HMGB1 in acute and chronic vascular injury is also not well understood. We hypothesized that HMGB1 induces inflammatory markers in diabetic PAOD patients. We studied 36 diabetic patients, including 29 patients with...