purpose : up to 70% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have aids-related ocular involvements which may severely affect their quality of life caused by visual impairment. this study was designed to investigate the ocular manifestations in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). methods : in this case series study, 41 hiv positive patients were investiga...

Indinavir (Crivaxan®) is a potent inhibitor of the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) protease. This enzyme has an important role in viral replication and is considered to be very attractive target for new antiretroviral drugs. However, it becomes less effective due to highly resistant new viral strains of HIV, which have multiple mutations in their proteases. For this reason, we used a lead ex...

We determine phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolates to amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, and tipranavir. Saquinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir are potent against wild-type HIV-2 isolates and should be preferred as first-line options for HIV-2-infected patients. Other protease inhibitors are less active agai...

There is a need for models useful for predicting the efficacy of agents developed for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on information obtained during the drug development process. A pharmacodynamic model that superimposes the pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV nucleoside reverse transcription (RT) and protease inhibitors over a previously published predator-prey model of HIV and CD4 ...

BACKGROUND In recent years, several new drugs from the protease inhibitor (PI) class designed to treat HIV infection have become available and the use of ritonavir-boosting has increased in popularity. These changes might be expected to affect the prevalence and patterns of protease resistance in the population of patients who experience treatment failure. METHODS The UK HIV Drug Resistance D...

The structure of a protein can reveal its function and its evolutionary history. Extracting this information requires knowledge of the structure and its relationship with other proteins. Secondary structures of protein are compact with helices and strands. Hence there is a need for development of computational techniques for prediction and classification of HIV-1and HIV-2 protein (enzymes) stru...