Escape responses to directly approaching predators represent one instance of an animal's ability to avoid collision. Usually, such responses can be easily evoked in the laboratory using two-dimensional computer simulations of approaching objects, known as looming stimuli. Therefore, escape behaviors are considered useful models for the study of computations performed by the brain to efficiently...

Many freshwater phytoplankton species have the potential to form transient nuisance blooms that affect water quality and other aquatic biota. Heterotrophic bacteria can influence such blooms via nutrient regeneration but also via antagonism and other biotic interactions. We studied the composition of bacterial communities associated with three bloom-forming freshwater phytoplankton species, the...

Garcinia has some 260 species and is often regarded as a genus with a difficult taxonomy. No recent treatment is available for the botanically rich Lower Guinea phytogeographical region. This study aims at partly filling this gap. First, several taxonomic problems are solved. Garcinia chromocarpa is reduced to a variety of Garcinia quadrifaria. Garcinia gnetoides and Garcinia granulata are both...

Crustaceans are widely distributed and inhabit very different niches. Many of them are highly visual animals. Nevertheless, the neural composition of crustacean optic neuropils deeper than the lamina is mostly unknown. In particular, semiterrestrial crabs possess a highly developed visual system and display conspicuous visually guided behaviors. A previous study shows that the first optic neuro...

The mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P)-dependent pathway for routing lysosomal enzymes was characterized in the hepatopancreas of the estuary crab Chasmagnatus granulata: (a) an acid alpha-L-fucosidase was purified to homogeneity from the above-mentioned organ and was shown to contain mannose-linked phosphate residues; (b) high-mannose-type oligosaccharides isolated from a protein fraction enriched in...

Acute semistatic toxicity tests were carried out for 96h with first zoeae and young crabs of Chasmagnathus granulata. Survival curves and LC50 (lethal concentration 50, the concentration which produces the death of 50% of the exposed population) indices for copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead were determined. Furthermore, mixture toxicity tests (Cd/Cu and Cd/Zn) with first-stage larvae were also ca...

Taxonomic confusion among the afrotropical scolytine genera Hapalogenius Hagedorn, Hylesinopsis Eggers and Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, and their synonyms is discussed with especial reference to the catalogues of Wood and Bright (1992), and Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (2009). A key is given to separate the three genera recognised, and the species considered to be included in each genus are listed. Hyl...

The study aimed to assess the relationship between surface water quality and diversity of planktonic communities in An Giang province, Vietnam. national technical regulations on quality, index (WQI), Shannon-Wiener (H') were applied evaluate quality. considerable influence parameters dominant plankton was determined by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) similarity percentage (SIMPER). resu...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most extensive human geographic disturbances to wildlife. ALAN can have ecological and evolutionary effects on individual organisms, which in turn affect populations, communities ecosystems. Although understanding ecology biology organisms has increased recent years, these advances are terrestrial environments, but scarce marine habitats, especiall...

U radu su predstavljeni i analizirani kasnoantički glazirani tarionici s lokaliteta Josipovac – Verušed kraj Osijeka Lobor Majka Božja Gorska u Hrvatskome zagorju, a uz njih drugi pronađeni Verušedu. Antičko kasnoantičko ruralno naselje Verušedu, prema dosadašnjim spoznajama temeljenima na pronađenome pokretnom materijalu, posebno metalnim predmetima, pokazuje vremenski okvir života od 2. do na...