For a tolled highway where consecutive sections allow vehicles enter and exit unrestrictedly, we propose a simple toll pricing method. We show that the method is the unique method that satisfies the classical axioms of Additivity and Dummy in the cost sharing literature, and the axioms of Toll Upper Bound for Local Traffic and Routingproofness. We also show that the toll pricing method is the o...

Any which way but loose back-to-back arrangement of kinetochores is not needed for correct alignment on the mitotic spindle, as shown by Hilary Dewar, Tomoyuki Tanaka (University of Dundee, UK), and colleagues. Sister chromatids are glued together by cohesin such that their kinetochores face opposing poles. This arrangement might thus prevent both chromatids from attaching to spindle microtubul...

The behavior of vehicular traffic is subject to many irregularities and stochastic fluctuations. Thus, our success in solving a variety of traffic management and optimizations tasks, such as accident detection or optimal vehicle routing, depends heavily on our ability to adequately model, reason about and predict such a behavior. The objective of this work is to develop a probabilistic model of...